General Review of Rainfall-Runoff Modeling: Model Calibration, Data Assimilation, and Uncertainty Analysis -- General Review of Rainfall-Runoff Modeling: Model Calibration, Data Assimilation, and Uncertainty Analysis -- Measurement of Hydrologic Variables -- Satellite-Based Precipitation Measurement Using PERSIANN System -- Satellite Clouds and Precipitation Observations for Meteorology and Climate -- Advanced Techniques for Polarimetric Radar Estimation of Rainfall -- Measurements of Hydrological Variables from Satellite: Application to Mediterranean Regions -- Data Merging and Dowscaling -- Geostatistical Tools for Validation of Satellite and NWP Model Rainfall Estimates -- An Ensemble Approach to Uncertainty Estimation for Satellite-Based Rainfall Estimates -- Hydrologic Modelling: Short and Long-Time Scale -- Cetemps Hydrological Model (CHyM), a Distributed Grid-Based Model Assimilating Different Rainfall Data Sources -- Rainfall Thresholds for Flood Warning Systems: A Bayesian Decision Approach -- Watershed Hydrological Modeling: Toward Physically Meaningful Processes Representation -- Simulating Climate Impacts on Water Resources: Experience from the Okavango River, Southern Africa. This collected work reports on the state of the art of hydrological model simulation, as well as the methods for satellite-based rainfall estimation. Mainly addressed to scientists and researchers, the contributions have the structure of a standard paper appearing in most cited hydrological, atmospheric and climate journals. Several already-known hydrological models and a few novel ones are presented, as well as the satellite-based precipitation techniques. As the field of hydrologic modeling is experiencing rapid development and transition to application of distributed models, many challenges including overcoming the requirements of compatible observations of inputs and outputs are addressed. The many contributing authors, who are well established in this field, provide readers with a timely overview of the ongoing research on these topics. The level of interest and active involvement in the discussions clearly demonstrate the importance the scientific community places on challenges related to the coupling of atmospheric and hydrologic models.