Record Display for the EPA National Library Catalog

RECORD NUMBER: 18 OF 21

Main Title Toxicity of Copper to Cutthroat Trout ('Salmo clarki') under Different Conditions of Alkalinity, pH, and Hardness.
Author Chakoumakos, Charles ; Russo, Rosemarie C. ; Thurston, Robert V. ;
CORP Author Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay Lab.;Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Year Published 1981
Report Number EPA-R-800861; EPA-600/J-79-122;
Stock Number PB81-184798
Additional Subjects Copper ; Toxicology ; Lethal dosage ; Concentration(Composition) ; Fishes ; pH ; Hardness ; Alkalinity ; Bioassay ; Reprints ; Toxic substances ; Salmo clarki ; Cutthroat trout ; Rainbow trout ; Salmo gairdneri ; Heavy metals
Holdings
Library Call Number Additional Info Location Last
Modified		 Checkout
Status
NTIS  PB81-184798 Some EPA libraries have a fiche copy filed under the call number shown. 07/26/2022
Collation 9p
Abstract
Median lethal concentration (96-h LC50) values for acute copper toxicity to 3-10 g cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) have been determined for nine different combinations of alkalinity, hardness, and pH. Equilibrium calculations were performed on the copper LC50 values; seven different soluble species of copper were considered: Cu2+, CuOH+, Cu(OH)20, Cu2-(OH)22+, CuHCO3+, CuHCO30, and Cu(C03)22-. The acute toxicity of copper was inversely correlated with water hardness and alkalinity. At a given alkalinity, hardness determined the LC50; at a given hardness, alkalinity determined the LC50. At a given alkalinity and hardness, the concentrations of the copper species were determined by the pH of the water. Under the conditions tested, Cu2+, CuOH+, Cu(OH)20, and Cu2(OH)22+ were toxic forms of copper to cutthroat trout; CuHCO3+, CuCO30 and cu(CO3)22- were not toxic. Results of 11 96-h copper toxicity bioassays on 1- to 26-g rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) under uniform water chemistry conditions also reported.