A pressing need in the field of environmental neurotoxicology continues to be the development and validation of neurobehavioral test methods. It was appropriate therefore, that this conference focused on the applicability of different test methods to the assessment of nervous system dysfunction. The conference organizers are to be commended for bringing together such a diverse group of scientists whose research interests range from the molecular level to the level of complex behaviors and whose experiments vary from carefully controlled in vitro studies to studies on human populations inadvertently exposed to toxic substances. Many important concepts in neurotoxicology were raised in the presentations and the author attempts to highlight these in his summary remarks.