This White Paper provides an overview of the current state-of-the-practice and current state-of-the-art for rehabilitation of pipes and structures within the wastewater collection and water distribution systems. The White Paper discusses the common issues that cut across both water and wastewater applications, including the need for rational and common design approaches for rehabilitation systems, quality control/quality assurance (QA/QC) procedures and acceptance testing during installation of rehabilitation systems, decision support for choice of rehabilitation vs. replacement and choice of rehabilitation systems, and special applications of rehabilitation under challenging conditions such as elevated liner service conditions adjacent to steam lines and high pressure pipe lining systems. It also discusses separate issues for water and wastewater systems in terms of drivers for increased rehabilitation efforts and problems typically encountered. The White Paper examines the state-of-practice for rehabilitation in the water and wastewater sectors and the potential for improvement within the general classes of rehabilitation systems. It identifies some emerging technologies as candidates for potential field demonstration and cross-cutting innovation potential. The organization of a field demonstration program is also discussed.