Basic Sciences -- The Developmental Regulation of Wake/Sleep System -- Basic Mechanisms of Circadian Rhythms and their Relation to the Sleep/Wake Cycle -- The Neuroendocrine Loop Model Revisited: Is It Valid or Even Relevant? -- Biological Rhythms in Neuroendocrinology -- Biological Clock Control of Glucose Metabolism -- Molecular Mechanisms of Melatonin Action: Targets in Sleep Regulation -- Serotonin and Neuroendocrine Regulation -- Locus Coeruleus and Adrenergic Modulation of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep -- Neuroendocrine Outcomes of Sleep Deprivation in Humans and Animals -- Sleep-Inducing Substances in the Regulation of Sleep -- The Influence of Orexin on Sleep and Wakefulness -- Clinical Sciences -- The Development and Regulation of Expressed Rhythmicity in Infants -- Sleep and Circadian Rhythm of Melatonin in Smith-Magenis Syndrome -- Melatonin in Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders -- The Role of Melatonin in Sleep Regulation -- Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in the Blind -- Disturbances of Hormonal Circadian Rhythms in Shift Workers -- Melatonin, The Pineal Gland, and Headache Disorders -- The Role of Peptides in Disturbed Sleep in Depression -- Neuroendocrine Correlates of Sleep in Premenstrual, Pregnant, Postpartum and Menopausal Depression -- Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Correlates of Sleep Deprivation: A Synthesis of Neurobiological and Psychological Mechanisms -- Endocrine Changes in Male Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea -- Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Hormones -- Autonomic Nervous System Activity during Sleep in Humans -- Neuroendocrine Correlates of Infectious Disease: Implications for Sleep -- Neuroendocrine Correlates of Restless Legs Syndrome -- Neuroendocrine and Neuroimmune Correlates of Narcolepsy -- Sleep Disorders and Neuroendocrine Investigations -- Role of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Sleep Disorders -- Sleep and Circadian Neuroendocrine Function in Seasonal Affective Disorder. "A fascinating set of reviews, many of theoretical interest or practical import. 21st Century neurobiology will concentrate on modulating arousal states, as examined in this book. Further, the subject is amenable to thorough genetic analysis, this providing a useful output for modern molecular neurobiology." Donald W. Pfaff, Ph.D., The Rockefeller University "Sleep is an essential biological activity that is intimately connected to the neuroendocrine, autonomic and immune systems of the body. Written by an international cadre of researchers, this timely volume gives an up-to-date summary of the reciprocal influences of sleep-waking activity on neuroendocrine, autonomic and immune function. Chapters in this volume discuss the many mediators involved in sleep regulation, the consequences of sleep deprivation and shift work and dysregulation of neuroendocrine function in sleep-related disorders, among other topics. It should be a valuable resource for basic and clinical researchers." Bruce S. McEwen, Ph.D., The Rockefeller University Neuroendocrine Correlates of Sleep/Wakefulness emerges from three well-established disciplines - neuroendocrinology, neurochemistry of sleep/wakefulness, and sleep medicine...The readers will find also in depth information on neuroendocrine and behavioral correlates of sleep deprivation, circadian rhythms, affective disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome and infectious diseases. Daniel P. Cardinali and S.R. Pandi-Perumal have edited a book that is clear, comprehensive, well balanced and remarkably complete. This volume will be of interest to a wide circle of readers including neuroendocrinologists, neurologists, psychiatrists psychologists and sleep medicine specialists who evaluate and/or treat patients with sleep disorders. Jaime M. Monti, M.D., Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine " When I first saw the title of this scholarly, up-to-date, and comprehensive multi-author book on the Neuroendocrine Correlates of Sleep and Wakefulness , I could not but think of a 400 BCE tome similarly entitled On Sleep and Sleeplessness, by Aristotle. How far has science gone in understanding the mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness and the pivotal physiologic and pathologic roles of sleep? Sleep and wakefulness constitute major homeostatic systems, whose proper function is crucial to the health and happiness of the individual. Both systems operate at the intersection of the nervous, endocrine, metabolic and immune systems, and their homeostatic mediators include all kinds of molecules, such as neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, hormones and cytokines. This book succeeds in providing, to large extent, the state-of the-art robust knowledge in this important area of science and medicine". George P. Chrousos, M.D., University of Athens, Athens and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD