From the Contents: ABC Transporters -- Absorption -- Abstinence -- Abuse -- Abuse Liability -- Acamprosate -- BAC -- Balanced Placebo Design -- Barbital -- Barbiturates -- Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons -- Behavioral Allocation Function -- Cabergoline -- Cachexia -- Caffeine -- Caffeine Withdrawal Syndrome -- Caffeinism -- cAMP -- DARPP-32 -- db/db Mouse -- D-cycloserine -- Decision Making -- Declarative and Non-Declarative Memory -- Declarative Memory -- Early Ventral Hippocampal Lesion Model -- Eating and Appetite -- Eating Disorder: Anorexia Nervosa -- Eating Disorders: Animal Models -- Eating Disorders: Binge-Eating -- Echolalia -- FAA -- Face Validity -- Facial Dysmorphology -- False Memory -- False Negative -- False Positive -- G protein-Coupled Receptors -- GABA -- GABAA Receptor -- GABAergic Transmission -- Gabapentin -- Galantamine -- Habit Reversal Therapy -- Habit Reversal Training -- Habituation -- Half-Life -- Hallucinations -- Hallucinogen Abuse -- IACUC -- ICD -- Idiopathic -- Imaging Mass Spectrometry -- Imipramine -- Impairment of Functioning; Measurement Scales -- Kappa-Opioid Agonists -- Kappa-Receptor -- Keratotic Lesion -- Ketamine -- Ketamine -- Khat -- L-Alpha-Acetyl-Methadol -- Lamotrigine -- Lanreotide -- Latent Inhibition -- Latin Square Design -- Laxatives -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Major and Minor and Mixed Anxiety-Depressive Disorders -- Major Tranquilizer -- Mania -- MAO-B Inhibitor -- Mass Spectrometry -- N-Acetylcysteine -- Nafion -- Naloxone -- Naltrexone -- N-Arachidonylethanolamine -- Narcolepsy -- ob/ob Mouse -- Obsessions -- Obsessive-Compulsive Anxiety Disorders -- Occasion Setting with Drugs -- Octreotide -- Off-Label Use of Drugs -- P300 -- Pain -- Pain and Psychopharmacology -- Pair-Feeding -- Palatability -- Paliperidone -- qEEG -- QT Interval -- Quality of Life -- Quazepam -- Quetiapine -- Radial Arm Maze -- Radionuclide -- Radiopharmaceutical -- Radiotracer -- Randomized Controlled Trials -- Rapamycin -- Saporin -- Satiety -- Saturation Binding Curve -- Scalar Property -- Schedule I -- Schedule II -- Tachykinins -- Tachyphylaxis -- Tandospirone -- Tardive Dyskinesia -- Taste Reactivity Test -- Temazepam -- Ubiquitin-Proteasome System -- Ultrasonic -- Ultrasonic Vocalizations -- Ultrasonic Vocalizations -- Unblocking -- Unconditional Response -- Vaccination -- Vaccines and Drug-Specific Antibodies -- Vagus Nerve Stimulation -- Valproic Acid -- Values-Based Medicine -- Varenicline -- Wakefulness -- Water Maze -- Whole-Cell Recording -- Wisconsin Card Sorting Test -- Wisconsin General Test Apparatus -- Withdrawal Syndromes -- Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale -- Yohimbine -- Zaleplon -- Zero-Order Elimination Kinetics -- Ziprasidone -- Zolpidem -- Zonisamide -- Zopiclone. Psychopharmacology is the study of the effects of psychoactive drugs on the functioning of the central nervous system at all levels of analysis, thus embracing cognition, behavior, psychological states, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, gene expression, and molecular biology. It includes, as an integral part of its domain, the interaction of environmental and genetic factors with psychoactive drug action, the medicinal and social uses of drugs, and the misuse and abuse of psychoactive substances. The aim of this comprehensive encyclopedia is to provide detailed information on psychopharmacology and its sub-disciplines, such as clinical psychopharmacology, molecular neuropsychopharmacology, behavioral pharmacology in laboratory animals, preclinical psychopharmacology, and human experimental psychopharmacology. The wide-ranging entries in the Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology are written by leading experts drawn from a broad diversity of backgrounds and areas of specialization. The entries, comprehensive but succinct, provide basic and clinical scientists in academia, as well as industry, with the most important and relevant information on recent developments in psychopharmacology and its closely allied disciplines. The essential information about the field contained in these entries is readily accessible to clinicians, scholars, students, teachers, and interested laypeople.