The use of land for the treatment and disposal of various wastes has resulted in a desire for more information concerning the effects of these materials on the soil ecosystem. Earthworms are often studied as a representative organism of the soil biota that may be affected by changes in soil environment. They are affected by a wide variety of man's activities and have been studied in soils affected by mining, high applications of animal wastes containing copper and land disposal of sludge. Metals are a potentially toxic component of many waste materials and their effect on earthworm growth and reproduction has been evaluated. This information is needed to determine the utility of earthworms for monitoring the effectiveness of remedial action (i.e., clean-up and reclamation) at hazardous waste spills/sites.