| Main Title |
Variability of household water lead levels in American cities [microfiche] / |
| Author |
Marcus, Allan H. ;
Hogan, K. ;
Cox, M.
|
| Other Authors |
|
| CORP Author |
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.;Battelle, Arlington, VA. |
| Publisher |
Design and Development Branch, Exposure Evaluation Division, Office of Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, |
| Year Published |
1990 |
| Stock Number |
PB90-271917 |
| Subjects |
Water--Pollution--United States--Measurement ;
Lead--Toxicology--United States ;
Water--Pollution--Measurement
|
| Additional Subjects |
Lead(Metal) ;
Urban areas ;
Water pollution ;
Variability ;
Water pipelines ;
Distribution systems ;
Plumbing ;
Sampling ;
pH ;
Alkalinity ;
Residential buildings ;
Seasonal variations ;
Temperature ;
United States ;
Households
|
| Holdings |
| Library |
Call Number |
Additional Info |
Location |
Last
Modified |
Checkout
Status |
| NTIS |
PB90-271917 |
Some EPA libraries have a fiche copy filed under the call number shown. |
|
07/26/2022 |
|
| Collation |
14, 8, [50] pages ; 28 cm |
| Abstract |
The authors estimated the most significant sources of variability in repeat samples of water lead concentrations from household taps and service lines in six U.S. cities: Bennington, VT; Boston, MA; Chicago, IL; New Bedford, MA; Newport News, VA; and Seattle, WA. The Boston, Bennington, and Seattle samples include both baseline samples and samples after pH and alkalinity adjustment ('treatment') has been carried out. The most significant sources of variability included: differences in household plumbing, differences in hardness or corrosivity of household water as indexed by pH and alkalinity, and seasonal effects (possibly related to water temperature). Repeat sampling variability was often large (lognormal coefficient of variation greater than 0.58) or very large (lognormal coefficient of variation greater than one). In Boston, estimated 90th percentiles decreased by a factor of 1.5 within four months after treatment began, and by a factor of 3.4 after 3 years. |
| Notes |
"Draft final report for task 2-12." "August 21, 1990." Includes bibliographical references (page 14, 1st group). "Contract no. 6-D8-0115." "PB90-271917." Microfiche. |
