Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Water and the five spheres of the environment -- Water -- The hydrosphere -- The geosphere and the hydrosphere -- The atmosphere and the hydrosphere -- The biosphere and the hydrosphere -- The anthrosphere and the hydrosphere -- Water and biogeochemical cycles -- Water and environmental chemistry -- Water and green chemistry. 2. Properties of water and the hydrosphere -- The fantastic water molecule -- Water as an essential resource -- The hydrological cycle -- Standing bodies of water -- Flowing water -- Sedimentation by flowing water -- Free-flowing rivers -- Groundwater -- Water utilization -- Impoundment and transfer of water -- Water: a very useful green substance -- Aquatic life -- Global warming and water -- Global warming effects on the hydrosphere. 3. Fundamentals of aquatic chemistry -- Introduction to aquatic chemistry -- Gases in water -- Oxygen in water -- Water acidity and carbon dioxide in water -- Carbon dioxide in water -- Alkalinity -- Contributors to alkalinity at different pH values -- Dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity -- Influence of alkalinity on CO2 solubility -- Calcium and other metals in water -- Hydrated metal ions as acids -- Calcium in water -- Dissolved carbon dioxide and calcium carbonate minerals -- Complexation and chelation -- Occurrence and importance of chelating agents in water -- Bonding and structure of metal complexes -- Selectivity and specificity in chelation -- Calculations of species concentrations -- Complexation by deprotonated ligands -- Complexation by protonated ligands -- Solubilization of lead ion from solids by NTA -- Reaction of NTA with metal carbonate -- Effect of calcium ion upon the reaction of chelating agents with slightly soluble salts -- Polyphosphates and phosphonates in water -- Polyphosphates -- Hydrolysis of polyphosphates -- Complexation by polyphosphates -- Phosphonates -- Complexation by humic substances -- Complexation by redox processes. 4. Oxidation reduction in aquatic chemistry -- The significance of oxidation-reduction -- Electron and redox reactions -- Electron activity and pE -- The Nernst equation -- Reaction tendency: whole reaction from half-reactions -- The Nernst equation and chemical equilibrium -- The relationship of pE to free energy -- Reactions in terms of one electron-mole -- The limits of pE in water -- pE values in natural water systems -- pE-pH diagrams -- Humic substances as natural reductants -- Photochemical processes in oxidation-reduction -- Corrosion. 5. Phase interactions in aquatic chemistry -- Chemical interactions involving solids, gases, and water -- Importance and formation of sediments -- Organic and carbonaceous sedimentary materials -- Solubilities of solids -- Solubilities of gases -- Colloidal particles in water -- Contaminant transport by colloids in water -- Occurrence of colloids in water -- Kinds of colloidal particles -- Colloid stability -- Colloidal properties of clays -- Aggregation of particles -- Flocculation of colloids by polyelectrolytes -- Flocculation of bacteria by polymeric materials -- Surface sorption by solids -- Solute exchange with bottom sediments -- Trace-level metals in suspended matter and sediments -- Phosphorus exchange with bottom sediments -- Organic compounds on sediments and suspended matter -- Bioavailability of sediment contaminants -- Interstitial water -- Phase interactions in chemical fate and transport -- Rivers -- Lakes and reservoirs -- Exchange with the atmosphere -- Exchange with sediments. 6. Aquatic microbial biochemistry -- Microorganisms at interfaces -- Algae -- Fungi -- Protozoa -- Bacteria -- Autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria -- Oxic and anoxic bacteria -- Marine bacteria -- The prokaryotic bacterial cell -- Kinetics of bacterial growth -- Bacterial metabolism -- Microbial oxidation and reduction -- Microbial transformations of carbon -- Methane-forming bacteria -- Bacterial utilization of hydrocarbons -- Microbial utilization of carbon monoxide -- Biodegradation of organic matter -- Oxidation -- Microbial oxidation of hydrocarbons -- Other biochemical processes in biodegradation of organics -- Microbial transformations of nitrogen -- Nitrogen fixation -- Nitrification -- Nitrate reduction -- Denitrification -- Competitive oxidation of organic matter by nitrate ion and other oxidizing agents -- Microbial transformations of phosphorus and sulfur -- Phosphorus compounds -- Sulfur compounds -- Oxidation of H2S and reduction of sulfate by bacteria -- Microorganism-mediated degradation of organic sulfur compounds -- Microbial transformations of halogens and organohalides -- Microbial transformations of metals and metalloids -- Acid mine waters -- Microbial transitions of selenium -- Microbial corrosion. 7. Water pollution -- Nature and types of water pollutants -- Markers of water pollution -- Elemental pollutants -- Heavy metals -- Cadmium -- Lead -- Mercury -- Metalloids -- Organically bound metals and metalloids -- Organotin compounds -- Inorganic species -- Cyanide -- Ammonia and other inorganic pollutants -- Asbestos in water -- Algal nutrients and eutrophication -- Acidity, alkalinity, and salinity -- Oxygen, oxidants, and reductants -- Organic pollutants -- Bioaccumulation of organic pollutants -- Sewage -- Soaps, detergents, and detergent builders -- Naturally occurring chlorinated and brominated compounds -- Microbial toxins -- Pesticides in water -- Natural product insecticides, pyrethrins, and pyrethroids -- DDT and organochlorine insecticides -- Organophosphate insecticides -- Carbamates -- Fungicides -- Herbicides -- Bipyridilium compounds -- Herbicidal Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds -- Chlorophenoxy herbicides -- By-products of pesticide manufacture -- Polychlorinated biphenyls -- Emerging water pollutants, pharmaceuticals, and household wastes -- Bactericides -- Estrogenic substances in wastewater -- Effluents -- Biorefractory organic pollutants -- Radionuclides in the aquatic environment. 8. Water treatment -- Water treatment and water use -- Municipal water treatment -- Treatment of water for industrial use -- Sewage treatment -- Primary waste treatment -- Secondary waste treatment by biological processes -- Membrane bioreactor -- Tertiary waste treatment -- Physical-chemical treatment of municipal wastewater -- Industrial wastewater treatment -- Removal of solids -- Dissolved air flotation -- Membrane filtration processes -- Removal of calcium and other metals -- Removal of iron and manganese -- Removal of dissolved inorganics -- Ion exchange -- Electrodialysis -- Reverse osmosis -- Phosphorus removal -- Nitrogen removal -- Sludge -- Water disinfection -- Chlorine dioxide -- Ozone and other oxidants -- Disinfection with ultraviolet radiation -- Natural water purification processes -- Industrial wastewater treatment by soil -- Green water -- Reuse and recycling of wastewater -- Water conservation -- Protecting water supplies from attack. 9. Chemical analysis of water and waste water -- Environmental chemical analysis -- Error and quality control -- Water analysis methods -- Spectrophotometric methods -- Absorption spectrophotometry -- Atomic absorption and emission analyses -- Atomic emission techniques -- Electrochemical methods of analysis -- chromatography -- Mass spectronometry -- Analysis of water samples -- Physical properties measured in water -- Water sampling -- Extractors -- Water sample preservation -- Total organic carbon in water -- Measurement of radioactivity in water -- Biological toxins -- Automated water analyses -- Speciation -- Emerging contaminants in water analysis -- Chiral contaminants. 10. Sustainable energy: the key to everything -- The energy challenge -- Nature of energy -- Sources of energy used in the anthrosphere -- Energy devices and conversions -- Fuel cells -- green technology and energy conversion efficiency -- Energy conservation and renewable energy sources -- Petroleum and natural gas -- Coal -- Coal conversion -- Carbon sequestration for fossil fuel utilization -- Industrial ecology for energy and chemicals -- Nuclear energy -- Nuclear fusion -- Geothermal energy -- The sun: an ideal, renewable energy source -- Energy from moving air and moving water -- Surprising success of wind power -- Energy from moving water -- Energy from moving water without dams -- Biomass energy -- Ethanol fuel -- Biodiesel fuel -- Unrealized potential of lignocellulose fuels -- Biogas -- Hydrogen as a means to store and utilize energy -- Combined power cycles -- Industrial ecology for methane production. 11. Fundamentals of chemistry -- The science of matter -- elements -- subatomic particles and atoms -- Subatomic particles -- Atom nucleus and electron cloud -- Isotopes -- List of the elements -- The Periodic Table -- Electrons in atoms -- Lewis Structures and Symbols of Atoms -- Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids -- Chemical bonding -- Chemical compounds -- Molecular structure -- Ionic bonds -- Summary of chemical compounds and ionic bond -- Molecular mass -- The Mole and molar mass -- Oxidation state -- Chemical reactions and equations -- Solutions -- Solution concentration -- Water as a solvent -- Solutions of acids and bases -- Colloidal suspensions -- Solution equilibria -- Distribution between phases. 12. Organic chemistry -- Molecular geometry in organic chemistry -- Hydrocarbons -- alkanes -- Alkenes and Cis-Trans isomerism -- Aromatic hydrocarbons 00 Benzene and naphthalene -- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -- Organic functional groups and classes of organic compounds -- Organooxygen compounds -- Organonitrogen compounds -- Organohalide compounds -- Alkyl halides -- Alkenyl halides -- Aromatic halides -- Halogenated naphthalene and biphenyl -- Chlorofluorocarbons, halons, and hydrogen-containing chlorofluorocarbons -- Chlorinated phenols -- Organosulfur compounds -- Organophosphorus compounds -- Phosphorothionate esters -- Synthetic polymers. "Carefully crafted to provide a comprehensive overview of the chemistry of water in the environment, Water Chemistry: Green Science and Technology of Nature's Most Renewable Resource examines water issues within the broad framework of sustainability, an issue of increasing importance as the demands of Earth's human population threaten to overwhelm the planet's carrying capacity. Renowned environmental author Stanley Manahan provides more than just basic coverage of the chemistry of water. He relates the science and technology of this amazing substance to areas essential to sustainability science, including environmental and green chemistry, industrial ecology, and green (sustainable) science and technology. The inclusion of a separate chapter that comprehensively covers energy, including renewable and emerging sources, sets this book a part. Manahan explains how the hydrosphere relates to the geosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and anthrosphere. His approach views Planet Earth as consisting of these five mutually interacting spheres. He covers biogeochemical cycles and the essential role of water in these basic cycles of materials. He also defines environmental chemistry and green chemistry, emphasizing water's role in the practice of each. Manahan highlights the role of the anthrosphere, that part of the environment constructed and operated by humans. He underscores its overwhelming influence on the environment and its pervasive effects on the hydrosphere. He also covers the essential role that water plays in the sustainable operation of the anthrosphere and how it can be maintained in a manner that will enable it to operate in harmony with the environment for generations to come."--Pub. desc.