An evaluation is presented of selected laboratory methods for measuring ecological effects, and tests considered most suitable for research and development are recommended for use in predicting the effects of chemical substances on interspecific interactions and ecosystem properties. The role of mathematical models in chemical hazard assessment is also discussed. About 450 references are cited. A bibliography of more than 700 references is provided. The Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for implementing the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). TSCA, promulgated in 1976, is comprehensive legislation designed to broadly protect human health and the environment from unreasonable risks resulting from the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, and disposal of a chemical substance. Under TSCA, EPA is responsible for identifying and prescribing test standards to be used in developing the data necessary to predict the risks associated with chemical releases into the environment. To aid EPA in this endeavor, laboratory methods for measuring the effects of chemical substances on aquatic and terrestrial interspecific interactions and ecosystem processes were reviewed and evaluated for their potential for standardization for use in environmental hazard and risk assessment processes. The criteria used for these evaluations include whether or not the tests are:rapid, reproducible, relatively inexpensive, unequivocal, sensitive, socially relevant, predictive, generalizable, and well-developed. (ERA citation 06:014870)

At head of title: "Contract No. W-7405-eng-26." Includes bibliographical references (pages 189-307) and index. Prepared by Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Interagency Agreement No. 78-D-X0387.

Introduction -- Conclusions and recommendations -- Laboratory tests for chemical effects on aquatic population interactions and ecosystem properties / J.M. Giddings -- Laboratory tests for chemical effects on terrestrial population interactions and ecosystem properties / G.W. Suter, II -- Mathematical models useful in chemical hazard assessment / L.W. Barnthouse.