Integrated DNA Biochips: Past, Present and Future -- Integrated Molecular Analyses of Biological Samples on a Bead-Based Microarray Platform -- Integrated Microfluidic CustomArray(TM)¢ Biochips for Gene Expression and Genotyping Analysis -- Self-Contained, Fully Integrated Biochips for Sample Preparation, PCR Amplification and DNA Microarray Analysis -- Integrating Sample Processing and Detection with Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis of DNA -- Integrated Plastic Microfluidic Devices for Bacterial Detection -- PCR in Integrated Microfluidic Systems -- Integrated Nucleic Acid Analysis in Parallel Matrix Architecture -- Chip-Based Genotyping by Mass Spectrometry -- Analyzing DNA-Protein Interactions on a Chip -- Single Molecule DNA Detection -- Nanochannels for Genomic DNA Analysis: The Long and the Short of It -- Beyond Microtechnology-Nanotechnology in Molecular Diagnosis. hebiochip field,fueledbycontributorsfrombothacademiaand industry, has been growing rapidly. DNA biochips are becoming awidespread tool used in life science, drug screening, and diagnostic applications T due to the many benefits ofminiaturizationand integration. The term "DNA biochip" is used broadly and includes various technologies: DNA microarrays, microfluidics/Lab-on-a-Chip, and other biochips (such as integrated real-timePCR,massspectrometry,and nanotechnology-basedbiochips). With the abundance ofgene targets and combinatorialchemistry/biology libraries now available, researchers have the ability to study the effects of diseases, environmental factors, drugs, andother treatments on thousands ofgenes at once. Biochips can provide this information in a numberofways,depending on the typeofchips and chosendesignofthe experiments. Theycan be used for pharmacogenomics that includes gene expression profiling, the measurement and analysisofregulated genes undervarious conditions, and genotyping, the detectionofpolymorphisms or mutations in agene sequence. Anothermajor applicationforDNAbiochipsismoleculardiagnostics,whichincludesgenetic screening (e. g. ,detection ofmutations or inherited disorders), identification ofpathogensandresistance in infections,andmolecularoncology(e. g. ,cancer diagnosis). Biochipscan alsobeused forhigh-throughputdrugscreening, food testing, chemical synthesis, and many other applications. Drawingsteadily on expertise from engineering, biology,chemistry, andphysics,integratedbiochip devices are rapidlybecomingsophisticatedand affordable. The objectiveofthis bookisto provide up-to-date coverageofsome ofthe emerging developments in the field ofintegrated DNA biochips. Chapter 1 givesanoverviewofthe biochip field,includingitshistory,present developments, and future trends. Chapters 2-4 cover the latest developments in integrated microarray biochips. InChapter 2, Yeakleyet al describe a bead-based microarrayplatformthat has been used in applications rangingfrom whole genome genotypingto whole transcriptome expression profiling. InChapters 3 and4, focus has been placedon integrationofmicrofluidic technologywith microarrays.