Incidents of injury and death to wildlife as a result of air emissions have been documented for over 90 years.^This report summarizes the known effects of air emissions on wildlife resources.^Contamination of wildlife by air emissions can occur in three ways: inhalation, absorption, and ingestion.^Ingestion is the most common mode of contamination.^Air emissions have caused mortality, debilitating injury, disease, and lowered resistance to stress.^Wildlife are indirectly affected by contamination of their food resources and by habitat loss.^Wildlife can serve as biological indicators of air quality.^Some implications are discussed for wildlife management in regions affected by air emissions.^76 references, 3 figures, 7 tables.

"Biological Services Program." "Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc." "Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"--Cover. "May 1980"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references (pages 26-32). "FWS/OBS-80/40.1."