Nanoflares as Probes for Cancer Diagnostics -- Therapeutic Applications of Spherical Nucleic Acids -- Theranostic Magnetic Nanostructures (MNS) for Cancer -- Nanodiamond-Based Chemotherapy and Imaging -- Theranostic Lipid Nanoparticles for Cancer Medicine -- Synthetic High-Density Lipoprotein-Like Nanoparticles as Cancer Therapy -- Radiosensitization and Nanoparticles -- Hybrid Nanoparticles for Cancer Imaging and Therapy -- Exploring Tumor Microenvironment with Nanoparticles -- How nanoparticles interact with cancer cells -- Engineering the Nanoparticle-Protein Interface for Cancer Therapeutics -- Calibration-Quality Cancer Nano-Therapeutics -- Cancer Nano-Therapeutics in Clinical Trials. This book discusses emerging nanotechnology-based tools that have the potential to dramatically impact cancer research, diagnostics, and treatment. Cancer is a complex, devastating, and debilitating disease and, although much progress has been made, novel, more effective diagnostic and treatment options are still needed, especially for advanced cancers. The ultimate goal is to detect cancer early and non-invasively and to provide efficacious and targeted precision treatments that cause fewer harmful side effects. This book explains how nanotechnology can exploit the size-, shape-, and composition-dependent properties of nanomaterials to provide novel tools for precision cancer medicine. It will be of interest to researchers and professionals working in the fields of chemistry, biology, materials science and engineering, and medicine who want to learn more about this fascinating and fast-paced area of research.