Opioid Receptors -- Ultra-Low-Dose Opioid Antagonists Enhance Opioid Analgesia and Reduce Tolerance -- Upregulation of Opioid Receptors -- Imaging Human Brain Opioid Receptors: Applications to Substance Use Disorders -- Opioid Receptor Antagonist-Mediated Signaling in the Immune System -- Opioid Antagonists: Chemistry and Pharmacology -- The Chemistry and Pharmacology of ?-Opioid Antagonists -- Medicinal Chemistry of Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists -- The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Delta Opioid Antagonists -- Novel Opioid Antagonists with Mixed/Dual Selectivity -- Experimental Utility and Clinical Potential of Irreversible Opioid Antagonists -- Methylnaltrexone: A Peripherally Acting Opioid Antagonist -- Substance Abuse -- Opioid Antagonist Effects in Animal Models Related to Opioid Abuse: Drug Discrimination and Drug Self-Administration -- Naltrexone for Initiation and Maintenance of Opiate Abstinence -- Ultra-Low-Dose Naltrexone Decreases Dependence and Addictive Properties of Opioids -- Can a Combination Formulation Containing a Neutral Opiate Antagonist Decrease the Abuse of ?-Agonist Opiates -- Effects of Opioid Antagonists on the Abuse-Related Effects of Psychomotor Stimulants and Nicotine -- Potential Use of Opioid Antagonists in the Treatment of Marijuana Abuse and Dependence -- Naltrexone in Smoking Cessation: A Review of the Literature and Future Directions -- Alcohol and Ingestive Behaviors -- Opioid Antagonists and Ethanol's Ability to Reinforce Intake of Alcoholic Beverages: Preclinical Studies -- Clinical Use of Opioid Antagonists in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence -- Preclinical Effects of Opioid Antagonists on Feeding and Appetite -- CNS Opiate Systems and Eating Disorders -- Behavioral Disorders -- Potential Utility of Kappa Ligands in the Treatment of Mood Disorders -- Opioid Antagonists in the Treatment of Pathological Gambling and Kleptomania -- Efficacy of Opioid Antagonists in Attentuating Self-Injurious Behavior -- Pharmacotherapeutic Effects of Opioid Antagonists in Alcohol-Abusing Patients with Schizophrenia -- Medical Indications -- Current Issues in the Use of Opioid Antagonists (Naltrexone for Opiate Abuse: A Re-Educational Tool as Well as an Effective Drug) -- Emergency Room Use of Opioid Antagonists in Drug Intoxication and Overdose -- Kappa-Opioid Antagonists as Pruritogenic Agents -- Clinical Effect of Opioid Antagonists on Clinical Pruritus -- Effects of Opioid Antagonists on l-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease -- Endocrine Effects of Opioid Antagonists -- Opioid Antagonists in Traumatic Shock: Animal and Human Studies -- The Efficacy of Opioid Antagonists Against Heatstroke-Induced Ischemia and Injury in Rats -- A Review of the Opioid System in Cancer Patients and Preliminary Results of Opioid Antagonists in the Treatment of Human Neoplasms -- Nonclinical Pharmacology of VIVITROL®: A Monthly Injectable Naltrexone for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence -- The Development of Sustained-Release Naltrexone and Clinical Use in Treating Opiate Dependence -- The Development of ProNeura Technology for the Treatment of Addictions -- Development of Opioid Transdermal Delivery Systems -- Intranasal Naloxone for Treatment of Opioid Overdose. The evolution in our understanding of Opioid receptors and their subtypes is intimately linked to the development of new pharmacological treatments for diseases and disorders as diverse as addiction, self-injurious behavior, pain, cancer, inflammation, eating disorders, traumatic injury, pruritis and movement disorders. The contributions contained in Opioid Receptors and Antagonists: From Bench to Clinic represent efforts from leading international scientists and clinicians making use of the latest information emerging from the study of the opioid-receptor system. The authors use a variety of experimental and clinical approaches involving the fields of molecular biology, biochemistry, anatomy, pharmacology, behavioral neuroscience and psychiatry to illustrate rapidly developing experimental and therapeutic areas. Highlights include characterization of opioid receptors, chemistry and pharmacology of opiod antagonists for various receptor subtypes (Mu, Kappa, and Delta), discussion of therapeutic uses of opiod antagonists and exploration of innovative approaches to therapeutic drug delivery. Opioid Receptors and Antagonists: From Bench to Clinic offers a comprehensive view of recent work on opiod antagonist applications and uses in various clinical treatments. Emphasis is placed on disorders of the reward system. This volume serves as reference while also illuminating prospects for future research.