This report was compiled to provide the Environmental Protection Agency with an assessment of multi-media pollutants from oil shale processing and coal gasification facilities. The report examines oil shale and coal extraction methods in addition to fuel conversion processes. Three oil shale conversion processes are considered: the TOSCO II, Paraho, and Union Oil processes. The Lurgi process is considered for coal gasification. Process descriptions and module definitions are presented for each operation. Potential air emissions, water effluents, and solid wastes are then identified and quantified for each module. Emissions of trace elements and organics are determined qualitatively. An assessment of resources required to support the production facilities is also included. The overall report is presented in two volumes. Volume I summarizes the objectives, the approach, and the results of the study. Volume II gives detailed descriptions of the methodology and the results.