The study objective was to evaluate field methods for measuring the exposure to PAH of children in low-income families who live in homes occupied by smokers. Measurements of total exposure to PAH were done in four households. The households were selected based on low income, a child of preschool age who is toilet-trained and who spends most of his/her time at home, and at least one adult smoker. Two households were located in downtown Durham, NC near heavy traffic, and two were located in rural areas at Zebulon and Holly Springs, NC away from heavy traffic. Multimedia samples collected were: indoor and outdoor air, house and entryway dust, pathway soil, food and urine.