This report reviews the available literature on lead and its compounds concerning physical and chemical properties, industrial technology and alternatives, environmental sources and emissions, environmental distribution, ecological effects, human health effects, and exposures to lead from various media determines the need for additional limitations on lead. More than 30 existing regulations directly or indirectly limiting exposure to lead have been identified. In reviewing the need for further limitations, the report addresses two specific questions: (1) What are the present levels of exposure in various population groups, and (2) Do these exposure levels represent a significant health hazard. An attempt is made to identify the relative contributions to total human exposure attributable to air, drinking water, and dietary intake. Using 11 assessment factors, the report prioritizes 12 exposure source classifications which might merit consideration for possible limitations. The impacts on health, the environment, and the economy of these potential limitations remain to be evaluated.

Prepared for the Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Contract No. 68-01-4318. Includes bibliographical references.