"EPA/600-S7-88-013." "November 1988."

The report describes a program to develop design criteria for injection of dry sorbents into tangentially fired furnaces for the control of sulfur oxides (SO[subscript x]) emissions. The program included aerodynamic cold-flow testing and mathematical modeling of sorbent injection, demonstration testing of SO[subscript x] emissions control in a 14.7 MW thermal tangentially fired Boiler Simulation Facility (BSF), and development of recommendations for sorbent injection in a tangentially fired boiler demonstration of the process. The isothermal flow modeling led to development of sorbent injection systems for tangentially fired furnaces which provide high levels of sorbent dispersion. A sorbent dispersion mathematical modeling technique was developed to support flow modeling in identifying and optimizing sorbent injection locations and methods. Sorbent injection tests in the BSF investigated the following variables: sorbent type, injection location, injector tilt, injection velocity, number of injectors, and carrier air flow rate. Sulfur capture efficiency up to 50% was achieved at a Ca/S molar ratio of 2:1 with calcium hydroxide sorbent treated with calcium lignosulfonate. A procedure was developed for specifying sorbent injection locations and methods for a full-scale demonstration of the sorbent injection process in a tangentially fired utility boiler.