Grantee Research Project Results
2000 Minority Academic Institutions (MAI) Fellowships for Graduate Environmental Study
CLOSED: FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY
Opening Date: September 3, 1999 Closing Date: November 18, 1999
Introduction
Eligibility
Tenure
Stipend and Allowances
Criteria for Evaluation and Selection
Where and When to Submit
Notification and Award Date
Submission Requirements
Sample Pre-Application
ABSTRACT
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is offering Minority Academic Institutions (MAI) Graduate Fellowships for master's and doctoral level students in environmentally related fields of study. The deadline for receipt of pre-applications is November 18, 1999. Subject to availability of funding, the Agency plans to award approximately 25 new fellowships. Master's level students may receive support for up to two years. Doctoral students may be supported for a maximum of three years. The fellowship program provides up to $34,000 per year of support. This amount covers a $17,000 annual stipend, $5,000 for authorized expenses, and up to $12,000 for tuition and fees. Actual annual support may vary based on length of fellowship award and tuition and fees.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROGRAM
The EPA invites pre-applications for graduate fellowships in academic disciplines relating to environmental research including physical, biological and social sciences and engineering. A pre-application provides the information needed for the review of its merit. Top ranked applicants following the merit review will be required to submit a brief formal application.
These fellowships are intended to help defray costs associated with advanced environmentally oriented study leading to the master's or doctoral degree. Instructions for completing and submitting pre-applications are found in the sections that follow. Instructions must be followed exactly or the submission will not be reviewed
Purpose of the Program
The purpose of the fellowship program is to encourage promising students to obtain advanced degrees and pursue careers in environmentally related fields. This goal is consistent with the mission of EPA, which is to provide leadership in the nation's environmental science, research, education, assessment, restoration, and preservation efforts. Both the public and private sectors will need a steady stream of well-trained environmental specialists if our society is to meet the environmental challenges of the future.
Eligibility
Applicants must be citizens of the United States or its territories or possessions, or be lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence. Resident aliens must include their green card number in their pre-application. This number may be verified with the Immigration and Naturalization Service.
Students do not need to be enrolled in or formally accepted in a full-time graduate program at the time they apply for a fellowship, but proof of enrollment or acceptance must be produced prior to the award of the fellowship. Students must attend a fully accredited four-year U.S. Minority Academic Institution.
Minority Academic Institutions are defined as Historically Black Colleges or Universities (HBCUs), Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs), and Tribal Colleges (Tcs). See listings at end of this announcement.
Students must be pursuing a master's or doctoral degree in an environmentally related field of specialization (see fields of specialization below). Students who have completed more than two years in a master's program or four years in a doctoral program, at the time of submission, are not eligible.
The fellow's proposed research may be conducted outside the United States. However, EPA allows only $5,000 for all expenses, including travel. See "Stipends and Allowances" for details.
Employees of the U.S. government must be able to prove separation from Federal service before accepting this fellowship.
Acceptance of this fellowship does not necessarily preclude acceptance of other scholarship, fellowship, traineeship, or grant aid. However, this fellowship may not be awarded to anyone who will simultaneously be receiving other federal assistance.
Tenure
The term of a graduate fellowship is negotiated with students and customarily covers a period of 9 to 12 months for each year. Students seeking a master's degree may be supported for a maximum of two years. Students seeking doctoral degrees may receive support for up to three years.
Stipend and Allowances
The fellowship provides up to $34,000 per year of support. A maximum of $68,000 will be provided for master's fellows (two years) and up to $102,000 (three years) will be provided to doctoral students. The $34,000 annual support covers stipend, tuition, and expenses as follows:
Stipends during academic year 2000-2001 will be $17,000 for 12-month tenures and prorated monthly at a maximum of $1,417 for shorter periods. Funds for unused months are forfeited. Stipends are paid directly to the Fellow. At its discretion, each fellowship institution may supplement a Fellow's stipend from institutional funds in accordance with the supplementation policy of the institution.
An expense allowance of up to $5,000 will be provided to pay for items and activities for the direct benefit of the student's education, such as for health insurance, books, supplies, equipment, and travel to technical meetings, and domestic and international travel required to conduct the proposed research.
NOTE: Fellows are expected to attend an annual EPA STAR Graduate Fellows Conference each June as long as they are in the program, unless the immediate needs of their research project make attendance impractical. Resources to support this travel are to be taken from the expense allowance. Specific instructions regarding the disbursement and management of the expense allowance will be provided during the award process.
Support for tuition and academic fees, up to $12,000 per year, will be paid directly to the institution. NOTE: for purposes of this fellowship, health insurance is not considered to be an academic fee. Health insurance costs may, however, be paid from the expense budget.
Criteria for Evaluation and Selection
Each student will be evaluated in terms of his or her potential for successful graduate study, as evidenced by academic records, recommendations, and career goals and objectives. Students at each educational level will be evaluated based on the information provided in the pre-application as described below under "Mandatory Format for Pre-Applications."
Pre-applications and letters of recommendation will be reviewed by non-EPA experts from the appropriate degree fields. Students applying for fellowships must select a field of specialization from the table below. Reviewers are recruited based on the specialty fields represented by the pre-applications. Pre-applications from all specialties are judged within the following three categories:
1. Entering Graduate Students -- Applicants who will have obtained only a Bachelor's degree and will be entering a M.S. or Ph.D. program beginning the fall of 2000 or have completed less than one year of a M.S. or Ph.D. program at the time of submission.
2. Doctoral Students -- Applicants who will have completed a M.S. degree and will be entering a Ph.D. program beginning the fall of 2000 or have completed less than one year of a Ph. D. program at the time of submission.
3. Continuing Doctoral Students -- Applicants who have completed one or more years of a Ph. D. program at the time of submission.
Reviewers will recommend the best applicants from each of these three categories. Finalists will be selected for award of the fellowship based on the availability of funds, reviewers' evaluations, and program goals, such as distribution of awards across disciplines, institutions and geography, degree level being sought, and other possible indicators of program balance. Only finalists will be required to submit the following:
1.EPA Form 5770-2, "Fellowship Application;"
2. EPA Form 5700-49, "Certification Regarding Debarment, Suspension, and Other Responsibility Matters;" and
3. Sealed official transcripts from all institutions (if so instructed by EPA).
EPA will provide the necessary forms to finalists
WHERE AND WHEN TO SUBMIT
Pre-applications must be received at EPA no later than 4:00 p.m., EST, on November 18, 1999. Pre-applications may be submitted by regular mail, express mail, or courier services. If using regular mail, allow sufficient time for delivery since applications MUST be at EPA by 4:00 p.m. EST on November 18, 1999.
If sending by regular or priority U.S. mail, send the original AND SIX (6) COPIES of all required materials to:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Peer Review Division (8703R) Sorting Code: F00-STAR-XX (replace the "XX" with the appropriate field of specialization code; see list below) 401 M Street, SW Washington DC 20460For express mail-delivered applications, the following address must be used:
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Peer Review Division (8703R) Sorting Code: F00-STAR-XX (replace the "XX" with the appropriate field of specialization code; see list below) Room B-10105 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20004Phone: (202) 564-6939 (for express mail applications)
Courier- or personally-delivered applications must be brought to the Ronald Reagan Building, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20004. The courier must come to the EPA Visitors Lobby (see map), tell the security guard that he/she has a delivery for the EPA mail room. The courier will be required to sign a visitor's log, and will be directed to the EPA mail room. The mail room is open 8:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m. weekdays, exclusive of Federal holidays. If the applicant requires a receipt for the delivery, you will need to provide a form which the mail room personnel will sign.
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NOTIFICATION AND AWARD DATE
If you comply with the requirement to include a stamped, self-addressed postcard with your pre-application, you will be notified when we receive your package. Subject to the availability of funding, awards should be made by June 30, 2000 for the fall term.
PAGE LIMITATION
Typeface must be 12 point or equivalent, with one-inch margins all around, on 8½ x 11-in paper. Limitations for individual components of the pre-application are specified in the "Mandatory Format for Pre-Applications" which follows. Do not exceed these limits or the proposal will be ineligible. Do not submit materials bound or in ring binders.
SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS
All pre-applications must be submitted in the exact format described below. All necessary information is provided in the instructions below. To illustrate the instructions, a sample pre-application appears at the end of this announcement. Pre-applications must include the original and six copies of each letter of reference enclosed in three individually sealed envelopes, as described below.
MANDATORY FORMAT FOR PRE-APPLICATIONS
Items 1 through 5 should comprise the first page.
Item 1.a. PERSONAL DATDATA -- provide your full name (last name first), current address, permanent address, and home and work telephone numbers. If you can be reached by fax or e-mail, include that information as well. (Optional -- for statistical reporting purposes only, we ask you to include your gender and race, e.g., African-American, white, hispanic, native American.)
Item 1.b. CITIZENSHIP STATUS -- state whether you are a U.S. citizen or permanent resident. If you are a citizen, give the city of your birth. If you are a resident alien, provide your green card number. EPA may choose to verify this information.
Item 2. DEGREE SOUGHT -- state either master's or doctoral (or M.S., M.A., Ph.D., etc.). Include the month and year the degree is expected.
Item 3. PRE-APPLICATION CATEGORY -- entering graduate student, doctoral student, or continuing doctoral.
Item 4.a. FIELD OF SPECIALIZATION CODE -- from list below. You MUST select only one. Your pre-application will be reviewed by individuals from the field you select.
Item 4.b. NAME OF SPECIALIZATION -- from list below.
Item 4.c. TITLE -- provide a descriptive title for your research project, or your research area of interest if the specific topic has not yet been selected. This title will be posted on the NCER web site in the event of an award.
Item 5.a. CURRENT SCHOOL AND DEPARTMENT -- Name and location of your current university, school and department.
Item 5.b. NAME AND ADDRESS OF GRADUATE ADVISOR -- If you have a graduate advisor, give his or her name, address, and telecommunications data, including phone, fax, and e-mail, if available. If you do not yet have an advisor, write "N/A".
Item 6. TRANSCRIPT INFORMATION -- Provide, in tabular form, the following information taken from your transcripts: identify the institutions at which the credits were earned, dates, names and catalog numbers of courses taken, credit hours, grades received, and cumulative GPA for all courses taken at each degree level. If possible, course titles should not exceed the space available. Abbreviations are allowed. If courses were audited or not completed, note this information. If any institution you attended had a grading system different from the traditional "A, B, C..." system, explain the system in a succinct footnote to Item 6. Do not leave anything out. Include data from your entire college career. DO NOT INCLUDE COPIES OF YOUR TRANSCRIPTS. Top-ranked applicants will be required to submit official copies of transcripts for validation prior to the award of the fellowship.
ITEM 6 may take as many pages as necessary.
ITEMS 7 and 8 must be completed on one page each.
Item 7a. EXPERIENCEXPERIENCE -- List specifically relevant experience, including paid employment, military service, internships, residencies, special studies, volunteer work, etc. Give dates and a short description of your duties in each position, listing most recent first. Give names and addresses of employers. List only relevant experience.
Item 7b. PUBLICATIONS -- If you have published in the technical literature, provide a bibliography here. If you have not yet published, write "NA".
Item 8. STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES -- Explain your academic and career goals and how your proposed course of study or research will help you to achieve these goals. Include any background information you believe is pertinent and provide insight into why you have chosen the goals you are pursuing. You will be evaluated on your dedication to your studies and to an environmentally oriented career. This statement will also provide insight into your organizational, analytical, and written communication skills.
Item 9. NARRATIVE STATEMENT -- The narrative statement will differ slightly at each academic level. All students must include a description of the scientific and, if appropriate, societal importance of their field of study. At the various levels, reviewers will be looking for answers to the following questions:
ENTERING GRADUATE STUDENTS: What are the degree requirements in your program? What is your planned course of study during the period of the fellowship? Do you know if you will be undertaking a special project? If so, describe it briefly. If you do not know, what project would you like to propose? Why would it be important?
DOCTORAL STUDENTS: Why do you want a doctoral degree? What are the degree requirements in your program? How does this program build on your former education? If you could become involved in a research project this year, what would it be? Why is it important? How will it advance your academic and career goals?
CONTINUING DOCTORAL STUDENTS: Provide a scope of work for your research project. The scope of work must be structured as follows:
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A. Goal of Research -- Introduce the problem. What is your hypothesis?
B. Rationale -- What is the technical or social need for this research? What other work has been published on this subject and how do these results relate to your project?
C. Approach and Expected Results -- How will you test your hypotheses? What scientific or other benefits are expected from this work?
Each academic level will have specific evaluation criteria pertaining to the narrative statement, as described in the section above. The page limitations for each educational level are as follows:
Entering Graduate Students -- 2 pages
Doctoral Students -- 2 pages
Continuing Doctoral Students -- 5 pages
These page limitations include all figures and tables. Literature cited may be on additional pages.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT REFERENCE LETTERS
1. Each pre-application MUST include three reference letters from individuals who are knowledgeable about your academic record. If you have a sponsor or advisor in the program, one of these letters should come from that individual.
2. EPA is bound by regulation to require three letters. If the pre-application does not include three letters, it will not be reviewed.
3. The original and six (6) copies of each required letter must be contained in an individual envelope sealed by the writer and must be included in the pre-application package. We will not accept reference letters sent separately.
SELF ADDRESSED, STAMPED POST CARD
Include a postcard in your package so that we can notify you that your pre-application was received. If your postcard with the identifying application number is not returned within 30 days of the announcement deadline, you MUST call 1-800-490-9194 to verify that your package was received. If you do not include the postcard, you will not be notified that we received your package.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
For additional information or assistance in preparing your pre-application, first consult the "Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)" on the NCER Home Page. EPA also maintains a toll-free telephone number which allows individuals to leave a recorded message or question. These will be answered through a return telephone call. To access this service, dial 1-800-490-9194.
FIELD OF SPECIALIZATION CODES
Use these letter-number combinations to construct the "sorting code" in the address for your pre-application and in other places in the pre-application, as specified:
M1 Natural and Life Sciences
M2 Environmental Science
M3 Engineering
M4 Social Sciences
N1 Physical Sciences
N2 Mathematics and Computer Science
N3 Economics
The pages that follow constitute a sample pre-application for graduate fellowship.
NOTE!!!! Smart as he is, this hypothetical student probably would NOT receive an EPA fellowship because his curriculum has no obvious relationship to environmental concerns or the disciplinary degree he is seeking. His only chance would be if his narrative statement clearly made that connection. The purpose of this sample is to demonstrate format, not content.
GILMORE, DEREK MALCOMB Page 1 of x
SAMPLE PRE-APPLICATION FOR GRADUATE FELLOWSHIP
1.a...Name, Addresses, and Telecommunications Data:
GILMORE, DEREK MALCOMB
Current Address: Home Phone: 202/###-####
68 College Street, NW Work Phone: 202/###-#### Washington, DC 20059 Fax: 202/###-#### E-mail: xxxxx@yyy.comPermanent Address:
c/o Moses Gilmore Phone: 804/###-#### 327 Market Street Richmond, VA 22307 African-American male1. b. Citizenship Status: U.S. Citizen, born in Richmond, Virginia (Note: if this student were a permanent resident alien, he would indicate his green card number here.)
2. Degree Applying For: Doctoral degree (or Ph.D., ScD, etc.), expected 6/01
3. Level of Education at Start of Fellowship: continuing doctoral
4.a. Field of Specialization Code: K1
4.b. Name of Specialization: zoology
4.c. Title: The kinetics of chemical movement in the environment.
5.a. Current School and Department: Howard University
Department of Physics, Washington, DC 20059
5.b. Name and Address of Graduate Advisor (Sponsor):
G. K. Leonard Chairman, Department of Physics Howard University Washington, DC 20059Office Phone: 202/###-#### Fax: 202/###-####
E-mail: Xxxxxxx@howard.edu
GILMORE, DEREK MALCOMB Page 2 of x
6. Transcript Data
Institution Year Course # Title Credit Hrs Grade
Current GPA: 4.0 (4 point scale)
Howard 1997 552 Theoretical Physics 6 A
" " 580 Individual Study in Physics 8 In progress
" " 576 Topics in Contemporary Physics 3 A
" " 591 Advanced Quantum Mechanics 6 A
" " 577 Technical French 6 Pass
" " 540 Advanced Electromagnetism 4 A
NCA&T; 12/96 MS in Physics Awarded (Summa cum Laude) GPA: 4.0 (4 point scale)
" 1996 Phy-505 Quantum Mechanics 6 A
" " Phy-511 Physical Optics 3 A
" " Phy-515 Adv. Exp. Physics 3 A
" " Phy-521 Math. Methods of Physics 3 A
" " Phy-522 Math. Methods of Physics 3 A
" " Phy-526 Topics in Contemporary Physics 3 A
" " etc
etc. (List all academic courses at all academic institutions for which you can produce
transcripts. DO NOT LEAVE ANYTHING OUT.)
GRE General Exam Scores: (all tests taken 10/94)
Verbal: 725; Quantitative: 800; Analytical: 800
GRE Physics Test: 760
GILMORE, DEREK, MALCOMB Page x of z 7a. Other Relevant Experience:
1/97 to present: Teaching Assistant, Howard University, Department of Mathematics and Physics, G. K. Leonard, 202/###-####
11/95 - 1/97: Graduate Research Assistant, North Carolina A & T University etc.
7.b. Publications -- List all publications on which you are an author. Use a generally acceptable bibliographic format. This listing can be as long as necessary to accommodate all publications which are relevant to the area in which you are applying.
Limited to one page
GILMORE, DEREK, MALCOMB Page y of z
8. Statement of Objectives (Do NOT exceed one page)
(This is a written account of your academic and environmental career goals, in which you relate your past accomplishments and future plans, and describe how your proposed plan of study or research will tie these together. This section is a key criterion for review, so be as articulate and thorough as possible.)
GILMORE, DEREK MALCOMB Page z1 of z
9. Narrative Statement (Text and page number requirements differ for different educational levels. Be certain you follow instructions for this section exactly. It is a key review section.)
Derek Gilmore, our hypothetical candidate, must provide a detailed scope of work for his proposed research, because he is a continuing PhD student. He may not exceed five pages in describing the goals, rationale, approach, and references for his project.
ENCLOSURES
(Mandatory!)
1. Three recommendation letters -- each letter, original plus 6 copies, must be contained in an individual envelope sealed by the writer and enclosed within the application package. If you have an advisor, one letter should come from your advisor.
2. Self-addressed postcard -- Include a postcard in your package so that we can notify you that your pre-application was received. If your postcard with the identifying application number is not returned within 30 days of the announcement deadline, you MUST call 1-800-490-9194 to verify that your package was received. If you do not include the postcard, you will not be notified that we received your package.
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)
Alabama A&M University
Alabama State University
Albany State University
Alcorn State University
Allen University
Arkansas Baptist College
Barber-Scotia College
Benedict College
Bennett College
Bethune-Cookman College
Bishop State Community College
Bluefield State College
Bowie State University
Central State University
Cheyney University of Pennsylvania
Claflin College
Clark Atlanta University
Clinton Junior College
Coahoma Community College
Concordia College
Coppin State College
Delaware State University
Denmark Technical College
Dillard University
Edward Waters College
Elizabeth City State University
Fayetteville State University
Fisk University
Florida A&M University
Florida Memorial College
Fort Valley State College
Fredd State Technical College
Grambling State University
Hampton University
Harris-Stowe State College
Howard University
Huston-Tillotson College
Interdenominational Theological Center
J.F. Drake State Technical College
Jackson State University
Jarvis Christian College
Johnson C. Smith University
Kentucky State University
Knoxville College
Lane College
Langston University
Lawson State Community College
LeMoyne-Owen College
Lewis College of Business
Lincoln University - Missouri
Lincoln University - Pennsylvania
Livingston College
Mary Holmes College
Meharry Medical College
Miles College
Mississippi Valley State University
Morehouse College
Morehouse School of Medicine
Morgan State University
Morris Brown College
Morris College
Norfolk State University
North Carolina A&T State University
North Carolina Central University
Oakwood College
Paine College
Paul Quinn College
Philander Smith College
Prairie View A&M University
Rust College
Saint Augustine's College
Saint Paul's College
Savannah State College
Selma University
Shaw University
Shorter College
South Carolina State University
Southern University and A&M College at Baton Rouge
Southern University at New Orleans
Southern University at Shreveport-Bossier City
Southwestern Christian College
Spelman College
Saint Phillips College
Stillman College
Talladega College
Tennessee State University
Texas College
Texas Southern University
Tougaloo College
Trenholm State Technical College
Tuskegee University
University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff
University of Maryland - Eastern Shore
University of the District of Columbia
University of the Virgin Islands
Virginia State University
Virginia Union University
Voorhees College
West Virginia State University
Wilberforce University
Wiley College
Winston-Salem State University
Xavier University of Louisiana
Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs)
Albuquerque Technical Vocational Institute
Allan Hancock College
American University of Puerto Rico-Bayamon
American University of Puerto Rico-Manati
Arizona Institute of Business and Technology
Arizona Western College
Atlantic College
Bakersfield College
Barry University
Bayamon Central University
Bee County College
Boricua College
California State University - Bakersfield
California State University - Dominguez Hills
California State University - Fresno
California State University - Los Angeles
California State University - Monterey Bay
Caribbean Center for Advanced Studies
Caribbean Center for Advanced Studies - Miami Institute of Psychology
Caribbean University-Bayamon
Caribbean University-Carolina
Caribbean University-Once 2
Caribbean University-Vega Baja
Center of Advanced Studies in Puerto Rico &
the Caribbean
Central Arizona College
Cerritos College
Chaffed College
Citrus College
City College of Chicago-Harry S. Truman College
City College of Chicago-Malcolm X College
City College of Chicago-Richard J. Daley College
City College of Chicago-Wilbur Wright College
Cacaos College
Collage Biblio Pentecostal De Puerto Rico
Collage Technologic Del Municipio De San Juan
Collage Universitario Del Este
College of Aeronautics
College of Santa Fe
College of the Desert
College of the Sequoias
College of the Southwest-Carlsbad
Commonwealth International
Community College of Denver
Compton Community College
Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico
CUNY John Jay College Criminal Justice
CUNY LaGuardia Community College
CUNY Lehman College
CUNY-Borough of Manhattan Community College
CUNY-Bronx Community College
CUNY-City College
CUNY-Hostos Community College
Dana Ana Branch Community College
Del Mar College
Don Bosco Technical Institute
East Los Angeles College
Eastern New Mexico University-Roswell Campus
El Camino College
El Paso Community College
Escuela De Artes Plasticas De Puerto Rico
Estrella Mountain Community College
Evergreen Valley College
Florida International University
Florida National College
Fresno City College
Fullerton College
Gavilan College
Hartnell College
Heald Business College - Fresno
Heald Business College - Salinas
Heald Business College - San Jose
Heald Business College - Stockton
Herbert H. Lehman College
Hostos Community College
Hudson County Community College
Humacao Community College
Imperial Valley College
Inter American University of Puerto Rico
- San German Campus
Inter American University of Puerto Rico-Aguadilla
Inter American University of Puerto Rico-Arecibo
Inter American University of Puerto Rico-Barranquitas
Inter American University of Puerto Rico-Bayamon
Inter American University of Puerto Rico-Fajardo
Inter American University of Puerto Rico-Guayama
Inter American University of Puerto Rico-Metro
Inter American University of Puerto Rico-Once
Inter American University of Puerto Rico-San German
Inter American University of Puerto Rico-School of Law
Inter American University School of Optometry
John Jay College of Criminal Justice
Jones College-Miami Campus
Kelsey-Jenney College
Kings River Community College
Laredo Community College
Lexington College
Long Beach City College
Los Angeles City College
Los Angeles County Medical Center School of Nursing
Los Angeles Harbor College
Los Angeles Mission College
Los Angeles Trade Technical College
Los Angeles Valley College
Luna Vocational Technical Institute
MacCormac College
Merced College
Mercy College
Mercy College-Main Campus
Miami-Dade Community College
Morton College
Mount Saint Mary's College
Mount San Antonio College
Mountain View College
New Mexico Highlands University
New Mexico Junior College
New Mexico State University
New Mexico State University-Carlsbad
New Mexico State University-Dona Ana
The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.