Grantee Research Project Results
Final Report: Human Clinical Studies of Concentrated Ambient Ultrafine and Fine Particles
EPA Grant Number: R832415C003Subproject: this is subproject number 003 , established and managed by the Center Director under grant R832415
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: Rochester PM Center
Center Director: Oberdörster, Günter
Title: Human Clinical Studies of Concentrated Ambient Ultrafine and Fine Particles
Investigators: Frampton, Mark W. , Utell, Mark J. , Zareba, Wojciech , Phipps, Richard , Gelein, Robert , Oakes, David
Institution: University of Rochester
EPA Project Officer: Chung, Serena
Project Period: October 1, 2005 through September 30, 2010 (Extended to September 30, 2012)
RFA: Particulate Matter Research Centers (2004) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Human Health , Air
Objective:
Summary/Accomplishments (Outputs/Outcomes):
- Significant adverse changes were observed in most outcomes associated with increased UFP, AMP, and PM2.5 within the previous 5 days using repeated measures analysis of variance.
- The largest changes were decreased rMSSD (square root of the mean of the sum of the squared differences between adjacent NN intervals) associated with UFP in the previous 6 hours.
- Increased TpTe (Time from peak to end of T-wave) was associated with AMP lagged 72-95 hours.
- Decreased heart rate turbulence was associated with AMP lagged 72-95 hours.
- Increased systolic blood pressure was associated with PM2.5 in the previous 6 hours.
- Increased fibrinogen was associated with all three particulate air pollutant size fractions lagged 24-47 hours.
- There was little evidence of an air pollution effect on subjects self-perceived exertion during the exercise sessions.
- In these cardiac rehabilitation patients, particles were associated with asymptomatic and subclinical decreases in parasympathetic modulation, prolongation of late repolarization duration, increased blood pressure, and systemic inflammation, factors predisposing to increased risk of arrhythmic events and sudden death in post-infarction patients.
Pollutant/Weather Characteristic | n | Mean | Deviation | Maninim | 25th % tile | Median | %tile | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature | 1249 | 11.3 | 10.1 | -13.2 | 3.1 | 12.4 | 20.2 | 31.1 |
Relative Humidity (%) | 1248 | 64.8 | 13.4 | 10.2 | 86.8 | 65.7 | 73.6 | 95.3 |
Barometric Pressure (inches Hg) | 1349 | 29.42 | 0.26 | 27.45 | 29.26 | 29.42 | 29.59 | 31.12 |
Carbon monoxide (ppm) | 1187 | 0.411 | 0.150 | 0.0083 | 0.312 | 0.392 | 0.492 | 1.046 |
PM2.5 | 1135 | 8.67 | 6.06 | 0.00 | 4.30 | 7.32 | 11.13 | 42.85 |
Sulfer dioxide (ppm) | 1123 | 0.0032 | 0.0023 | 0.0000 | 0.0017 | 0.0026 | 0.0041 | 0.0259 |
Ozone (ppm) | 1222 | 020253 | 0.0104 | 0.0008 | 0.0175 | 0.0240 | 0.0319 | 0.0648 |
UFP (10-100mm: particles/cm3 | 1237 | 4049 | 2168 | 328 | 2518 | 3623 | 5166 | 16.767 |
AMP (100-500mm: particles per cm3 | 1237 | 1041 | 783 | 20 | 505 | 858 | 1371 | 6314 |
POLLUTANT | UFP | AMP | PM2.5 | Temperature | RH | SO2 | CO | O2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UFP | --- | |||||||
AMP | 0.51 | --- | ||||||
PM2.5 | 0.11 | 0.62 | --- | |||||
Temperature | -0.01 | 0.19 | 0.17 | --- | ||||
RH | -0.27 | -0.11 | 0.00 | -0.15 | --- | |||
SO2 | 0.31 | 0.22 | 0.35 | -0.11 | -0.18 | --- | ||
CO | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.26 | -0.18 | 0.13 | 0.16 | --- | |
O3 | 0.04 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.33 | -0.38 | 0.02 | -0.04 | --- |
Characteristics | N | % |
---|---|---|
Age | ||
<50 years | 13 | 17.7% |
59-59 years | 21 | 28% |
60-69 years | 26 | 34% |
70-79 years | 14 | 18% |
> 80 years | 2 | 3& |
Male | 51 | 67% |
White | 68 | 88% |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||
18.5 to <25 | 10 | 13% |
25 to <30 | 31 | 41% |
30 to <35 | 22 | 29% |
> 35 | 13 | 17% |
History of: | ||
Mycardial infarction | 46 | 59% |
Coronary bypass surgery | 4 | 5% |
Stent | 65 | 86% |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 13 | 17% |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 17 | 22% |
Hypertension | 45 | 59% |
Smoking | ||
Never | 40 | 53% |
Former | 36 | 47% |
Daily Medication uses at 1st Visit\ | ||
ARB | 10 | 13% |
Beta-blocker | 66 | 87% |
ACE Inhibitor | 50 | 66% |
Calcium channel blocker | 7 | 9% |
Digitalis | 1 | 1% |
Diuretic | 20 | 26% |
Statin | 73 | 96% |
Biomarker levels at baseline | Mean | Stand. Dev. |
---|---|---|
Pre-exercise resting period | ||
MeanNN (ms) | 944.7 | 141.32 |
SDNN (ms) | 55.60 | 29.36 |
rMSDD (ms) | 60.52 | 44.45 |
QTc (ms) | 419.81 | 32.56 |
TpTe (ms) | 89.03 | 12.01 |
Whole Session | ||
MeanNN (ms) | 733.32 | 110.40 |
SDNN 9ms) | 132.07 | 43.32 |
RMSSD (ms) | 77.70 | 38.15 |
Heart Rate Turbulence (ms/RR) | 6.08 | 4.31 |
Deceleration Capacity (ms) | 3.84 | 1.40 |
Beginning of Session | ||
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 66.47 | 7.24 |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 112.37 | 13.10 |
White Blood Cell Count (x109/L) | 6.60 | 1.64 |
CRP (mg/L) | 0.82 | 0.94 |
Fibrinogen (g/L) | 3.58 | 0.87 |
Conclusions:
- UF carbon particles activate platelets in vitro at high concentrations
- Inhalation of UF carbon particles activate platelets in type 2 diabetics
- Ambient UFP exposure activate circulating platelets in type 2 diabetics
- Concentrated ambient UFP transiently increase blood pressure and reduce pulmonary function 24 hrs. after exposure in healthy people
- Concentrated ambient UFP alters circulating eosinophils, monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells and their precursors in asthmatic subjects
- Exposure of healthy subjects to UF carbon particles induced gene expression changes in circulating mononuclear cells
- Exposure of healthy young subjects to UF carbon particles did not induce significant changes in ECG-derived parameters; trends in some subjects indicating autonomic modulation of the heart and repolarization of ventricular myocardium.
- Exposure to concentrated UFP non-significantly increased nitrite arterial-venous gradients without effects on vascular function.
References:
Journal Articles:
No journal articles submitted with this report: View all 57 publications for this subprojectSupplemental Keywords:
RFA, Health, Scientific Discipline, PHYSICAL ASPECTS, Air, particulate matter, Health Risk Assessment, Risk Assessments, Physical Processes, atmospheric particulate matter, acute cardiovascular effects, long term exposure, atmospheric particles, airway disease, exposure, ambient particle health effects, human exposure, ultrafine particulate matter, atmospheric aerosol particles, PM, aersol particles, cardiovascular diseaseProgress and Final Reports:
Original AbstractMain Center Abstract and Reports:
R832415 Rochester PM Center Subprojects under this Center: (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R832415C001 Characterization and Source Apportionment
R832415C002 Epidemiological Studies on Extra Pulmonary Effects of Fresh and Aged Urban Aerosols from Different Sources
R832415C003 Human Clinical Studies of Concentrated Ambient Ultrafine and Fine Particles
R832415C004 Animal models: Cardiovascular Disease, CNS Injury and Ultrafine Particle Biokinetics
R832415C005 Ultrafine Particle Cell Interactions In Vitro: Molecular Mechanisms Leading To Altered Gene Expression in Relation to Particle Composition
The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.
Project Research Results
- 2011 Progress Report
- 2010 Progress Report
- 2009 Progress Report
- 2008 Progress Report
- 2007 Progress Report
- 2006 Progress Report
- Original Abstract
41 journal articles for this subproject
Main Center: R832415
191 publications for this center
144 journal articles for this center