Grantee Research Project Results
2015 Progress Report: Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients
EPA Grant Number: R835570Center: UT Center for Infrastructure Modeling and Management
Center Director: Hodges, Ben R.
Title: Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients
Investigators: Arabi, Mazdak , Hunt, William F , Hoag, Dana LK , Bledsoe, Brian P. , Osmond, Deanna , Vrugt, Jasper , Silversrein, JoAnn , Sharvelle, Sybil
Institution: Colorado State University , University of Colorado at Boulder , North Carolina State University , University of California - Irvine
Current Institution: Colorado State University , North Carolina State University , University of California - Irvine , University of Colorado at Boulder
EPA Project Officer: Packard, Benjamin H
Project Period: September 1, 2013 through August 31, 2018
Project Period Covered by this Report: September 1, 2014 through August 31,2015
Project Amount: $2,200,151
RFA: Centers for Water Research on National Priorities Related to a Systems View of Nutrient Management (2012) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Watersheds , Water
Objective:
The CLEAN Nutrient Center funds 5 projects summarized below
Project 1: Achieving Nutrient Reductions through Innovative Approaches for Wastewater Management and Water Demand Reduction
Project 2: Urban Stormwater Management: Evaluation of Simple Retrofits/Design Enhancements and Development of Simple Assessment Tools
Project 3: Nutrient Reductions in Agricultural Watersheds: Intentional Planning, Implementation, and Maintenance
Project 4: Fluvial Instability and Riparian Degradation: Evaluating and Reducing Nutrient Loading from Channel-Riparian Interfaces
Project 5: Effective Incentives and Viable Trans-Sectoral Trading Strategies
The operational goal of the CLEAN Nutrient Center is to develop and demonstrate sustainable cost-effective nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) management strategies for restoring watershed systems and attaining designated uses. These sustainable solutions will integrate abatement strategies for urban, agricultural, and hydro-geomorphic system components, and optimize policy instruments (incentives and market-based approaches) that facilitate trading among sectors, provide equity along water courses, increase chance of adoption, and minimize costs. The Center’s research will improve the nation’s capacity to protect the environment and public health by developing and testing practical and widely-transferable modeling, data and decision support tools for risk and performance assessment of nutrient controls.
Project 1
The overarching goal of this project is to assess the effects, costs and likelihood of adoption of various nutrient management strategies relevant to water and wastewater management. Both management approaches, such as water reuse and source separation of urine among others, and wastewater treatment technologies for nutrient removal and recovery will be evaluated. The objectives of this project focus on exploring the efficacy of these approaches for nutrient removal, their cost effectiveness, reliability and resiliency. Scale of application of wastewater treatment for reuse or discharge will be a key consideration in the analyses. In addition, social and policy barriers for adoption of those approaches determined to be cost effective will be assessed.
Project 2
The overall objective of this project is to compare the nutrient removal performance and life cycle costs of stormwater control measures (SCMs) using existing design criteria and innovative retrofit design enhancements to increase nutrient removal performance at various temporal resolutions. Three retrofits or design enhancements will be tested:
- Upflow filters retrofit at wet pond outlets to increase phosphorus sequestration;
- Inclusion of anoxic sumps to improve denitrification within bioretention; and
- Installation of stormwater harvesting system downstream of permeable pavement to reduce nutrient loads discharged to the storm sewer.
Project 3
The overall goal of this project is to build innovative capacities for intentional, targeted implementation of agricultural conservation practices at the watershed scale in two distinct agroecological areas (humid, North Carolina and semi-arid, Colorado) that factors in cost and social acceptance. The three main objectives are to:
- Understand how effectiveness of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) for N and P control varies with the selected practices, their landscape position, physical characteristics of the farm, proximity to perennial streams, irrigation ditches, and other factors;
- Understand and characterize socioeconomic factors that influence (facilitate or impede) adoption of agricultural BMPs; and
- Develop a simple and practical model based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for representation of BMPs at field, irrigation district and watershed scales, and then identify simple and transparent approaches for incorporating watershed-scale benefits of conservation.
Project 4
This project is aimed at advancing the inclusion of fluvial erosion processes and their effects on nutrient delivery via channel instability and degraded riparian functions in nutrient assessments and reduction strategies. Specific objectives include:
- Developing a framework and practical tools that will help managers assess the contributions of fluvial instability (bank erosion, incision, and riparian degradation) to excessive N and P loading under varying streamflow conditions relative to other nonpoint sources;
- Estimating the cost-effectiveness of diverse stream and riparian rehabilitation strategies;
- Evaluating the robustness, chance of adoption, and uncertainty of both conventional and innovative practices for reducing nutrient loading from channel-riparian interfaces in disturbed fluvial systems.
Project 5
The goal of this project is to understand and be able to educate others how people and policies help or hinder the successful planning, management and implementation of conservation practices, including best management practices and utility policies relating to nutrient controls. The objectives are to:
- Identify and quantify effective incentives for adoption of conservation practices and related management actions in utilities, public works agencies, and by other stakeholders; and
- Build context-appropriate approaches for nutrient credit trading programs in each pilot watershed for each Center activity.
Progress Summary:
Project 1
Activity 1: Model innovative water and wastewater approaches to estimate impacts to water demand, wastewater quantity and quality and cost for implementation
Work for this reporting period included detailed development of equations for urban nutrient load predictions to wastewater treatment plants and the initial programming of these equations into the Integrated Urban Water Model (IUWM). Work was initiated to review the developed approach with influent wastewater quality and quantity for the City of Fort Collins, City of Boulder, and Metro Wastewater Reclamation District (MWRD). Work is progressing to collect historical data on nutrient concentration at these facilities, and correlate those to observed reductions in hydraulic load.
A collaborative case study with the University of Colorado is under way with the City of Boulder. This case study was started based on the established influent water quality and developed nutrient equations for the City of Boulder. The study aims to model the impacts of urban management practices on influent wastewater quality, impacts on waste water treatment facility nutrient removal efficiency through BioWin modeling, and ultimate impact on stream water nutrient concentrations and nutrient loading. This work is being used to produce a publication to be submitted by the end of 2015.
The modeling efforts for the City of Boulder are also being used to perform a similar case study for the Big Dry Creek Watershed. This case study is a collaborative effort with the other CLEAN groups. The case study will be completed in Q1 or Q2 of 2016. The efforts from these case studies are being used to develop the tools that will be coded into Enivironmental Resource Assessment and Management System (eRAMS) to allow for modeling of other Colorado Basins.
Activity 2: Models to better manage nutrients in urban wastewater incorporating performance, reliability, resilience and cost
Researchers completed the first phase of statistical modeling of permitted WWTP performance based on the EPA Integrated Compliance Information System database. The study enabled the identification of a geospatial component to explain variability in WWTP ability to comply with discharge standards for biological oxygen demand, TSS and ammonia using kriging. The addition of a seasonal component to the original generalized linear modeling (GLM) based on plant capacity and hydraulic loading improved predictability of compliance with discharge limits on these constituents.
Treatment process modeling activities as part of Activity 2 for this reporting period included calibrating the BioWin model of the Boulder WWTP to data from 2014 and conducting sensitivity analyses on the calibration parameters. Activity 2 researchers met with Cole Sigmon, Director of Operations for the plant, on April 30 and planned the following simulations using the calibrated model:
- Addition of aerated tank after anaerobic digestion for nitrification before sludge dewatering
- Addition of anammox process after anaerobic digestion for nitrification/denitrification
- Dynamic model using 24-hour ammonia and TOC profiles to study effluent peak nitrate
- Investigate dissolved oxygen control using diffuser blocking
Activity 3: Model Integration and Demonstration Studies
Additional work has continued with the MWRD to evaluate the threat of accumulating field phosphorous levels on the utilities approach to biosolids management and the potential implications it may have on phosphorous limited nutrient application. MWRD has identified three key components on which they would like collaborative help from the CLEAN center: (1) implementation cost analysis of ammonia stripping to help in biosolids management; (2) analyze the potential market for precipitated struvite product; and (3) review of nutrient regulations and the phosphorous index and the potential for additional credits that could be received for incorporation of nutrient management technologies at the WWTP.
An initial load analysis was performed to identify the impacts phosphorous limitations will have on applied areas and the necessary supplementation of synthetic fertilizers. The next steps will be to use eRAMS to identify which sites are potentially phosphorous limited based on site conditions provided by the United States Air Force Academy and soil properties from United States Geological Survey (USGS). Lastly, an optimization analysis will be performed to develop scenarios based on wastewater treatment and biosolids management practices for the impacts on application of biosolids and nutrient load to a watershed.
A mass balance is being performed by CLEAN Project 3 considering total application of nutrients (fertilizers, biosolids, manure, etc.) and Project 1 is providing data and insight related to biosolids management.
Project 2
Work associated with this reporting period includes the following:
North Carolina
- Continued monitoring for hydrologic and water quality data of the three bioretention cells in Cary, North Carolina.
- A short 4-inch internal water storage area was established at one bioretention cell in Cary, North Carolina, and monitored for hydrology and water quality.
- After repeated malfunctioning of the area-velocity meter installed at the inlet of the pond in Durham, a new monitoring setup was installed at an upstream drop inlet.
- Media for the upflow filter has been selected.
- A monitoring scheme for the pond studies was designed to retrieve samples from the two ponds (1) as water enters the filter and (2) as water exits the filter to compare exactly how the filter is performing.
- Equipment was installed at the Pittsboro pond for sampling.
- Additional equipment for pre-filter samples was installed at the Durham pond.
Colorado
- Methods for estimating nutrient loads from stormwater in the urban environment were evaluated to determine available options for calculating the percent contribution of nutrients from stormwater at the watershed level for Colorado.
- Collected necessary inputs for the Simple Method and USGS Regression equations such as mean annual precipitation, land use type, mean minimum January temperature, percent impervious and mean nutrient concentrations for the entire state of Colorado.
Project 3
During this reporting period, there has been continued progress for both agro-ecological research areas of interest; Jordan Lake Watershed, North Carolina, and South Platte River Basin (SPRB), Colorado.
Jordan Lake Watershed, North Carolina
- Samplers continue to be visited every 2 weeks since their installation (around August 1, 2014) to retrieve samples and conduct maintenance. Biweekly samples are being analyzed for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonium as Nitrogen (NH4-N), Nitrate as Nitrogen (NO3-N), Total Phosphorus (TP), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). Non-storm or baseflow samples are being collected quarterly and analyzed for dissolved P and E-coli bacteria.
- List of landowners for the sub-watersheds of interest has been developed and land use information is being collected.
- Research team developed a survey on fertilizer and conservation practice decision making. The survey is being administered to farmers in the watersheds.
South Platte River Basin, Colorado
- Sampled three tillage treatments for biomass yield and N uptake.
- Harvested study site and recorded grain yield on three tillage treatments via GPS enabled yield monitor on combine and weigh wagon.
- Sampled wet and dry furrows to 1.5 meters of soil depth and analyzed samples for NO3-N.
- Analyzed summer field data for trends and differences due to BMP implementation.
- Developed and published guide on tillage BMPs for furrow irrigation (http://waterquality.colostate.edu/documents/TR15-10_Conservation-Tillage-Furrow-Irrigation_Web.pdf).
- Implemented BMPs at field monitoring site including conservation tillage, fertilizer placement and timing and planted filter strip.
- Installed edge of field monitoring equipment, soil moisture monitoring devices and pore water samplers.
- Sampled two storm and six irrigation events for nutrients and sediment loads.
- Coordinated with Project 5 on beginning to look at factors influencing BMP adoption in the S. Platte River Basin of Colorado.
- Coordinated with Project 6 on integrating a version of SWAT Conservation Planning (SWAT-CP) into the water management module on eRAMS.
Colorado
- Developed and administered a workshop for the SWAT-CP on eRAMS to a portion of the Colorado CLEAN stakeholder group.
- Presented Reg. 85 impacts to agriculture to crop consultants and Region 8 Ag Stakeholder group, as well as at the Colorado Governor’s Agriculture Outlook Forum.
- Coordinated and facilitated a meeting with the South Platte Ag Nutrient (SPAN) advisory team, updating them on the project including nutrient policy and status in the watershed.
- Held a tour of the site for the Colorado Corn Administrative Board.
Project 4
During this reporting period, the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM) sensitivity analysis was completed and reported in a Master’s thesis. A manuscript of this work is currently in preparation for journal submission. This analysis provides an assessment of model uncertainty and identifies those variables that most influence model output. This will provide guidance for the simplified watershed-scale model to predict nutrient loading from bank erosion that will be a product of this research.
Additional progress has been made in developing a field research plan and general methodology for the selected study watersheds in North Carolina and Colorado. Available data have been collected. These include general watershed data (e.g., Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), land cover, Digital Elevation Model, existing in stream water quality data, flow records, and channel cross sections. These data will be used to develop and test the watershed scale model for predicting bank erosion and associated nutrient loading.
Initial analysis has begun on quantifying bank erosion and phosphorus loading in one of the two selected study watersheds, Big Dry Creek, Colorado. Thus far, this has consisted of aerial photo analysis to quantify channel change over time, as well as field work collecting bank geometry and stability, channel slope, and bank soil phosphorus content. These data will be used for modeling bank erosion and phosphorus loading over time. Much of this work is being supported by funding from Big Dry Creek watershed stakeholders, allowing for more detailed analysis of this watershed than would be available under the current CLEAN Center funding.
A literature review is being conducted to examine the potential efficacy of stream restoration as a nutrient reduction strategy. This review also will include a quantitative analysis of bank phosphorus content and in-stream and riparian denitrification rates across studies. The results will be submitted to a journal for publication. This work is funded by two separate grants from the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) to develop a stream restoration BMP database. This is another example of leveraged funding under the CLEAN Center.
Project 5
Progress made during this reporting period includes the following:
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Actions were taken based on the finalized research plan:
- A survey was implemented to determine what additional areas of integration should be pursued.
- Projects 2 and 4 began discussing areas of overlap in terms of modeling.
- Projects 5 and 6 began discussions of using common metrics based on desired outcomes.
- Projects 1, 3, and 5 began discussions about policy overlap between the sectors and how this might impact incentives faced by each sector.
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Incentives were investigated based on lessons learned from North Carolina:
- A trip to North Carolina was taken in January to determine what kind of policy solutions are being implemented on the ground in lieu of water quality trading, which has seen very few trades in spite of legal authorization and supporting agencies.
- Discussions with fellow CLEAN researchers in North Carolina revealed that much of the nutrient credits for the water quality trading program were already being supplied by mitigation banks.
- Mitigation banking participants were interviewed, including supply-side participants (two mitigation bankers), demand-side participants (one developer and one municipality), and regulators/government agencies (NC-EEP and NC-DENR).
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A synthesis of the interviews from North Carolina reveals:
- While trading with non-point sources is not formally taking place to meet nutrient offset caps in the Neuse, Tar-Pamlico and Jordan Lake watersheds, there is a mature functioning market for nutrient offsets involving developers, municipalities, farmers and mitigation bankers.
- Eventually, the availability of farmland will continue to diminish leaving developers to undertake more costly stormwater BMPs to offset development, and yet farmers lack an incentive to meet their own community nutrient reduction goals.
- The success of such a program in Colorado will depend greatly on a binding cap, but also on the governmental framework in place that provides a clearinghouse for credits.
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Began exploring the problem of adoption of nutrient management practices in the agricultural sector
- A graduate student interviewed 13 “experts” on nutrient management in the South Platte River Basin about the characteristics of 9 management practices.
- Preliminary modeling of the interview responses combined with previously collected data revealed some areas of promise in answering the research question, “how do characteristics of practices impact their implementation/adoption?”
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Meeting continued with the Project Groups regarding topics of integration
- Identified a case study between the wastewater group (Project 1) and the agriculture group (Project 3): biosolids.
- Identified a case study between the stormwater group (Project 2) and the stream restoration group (Project 4): bank stabilization under appropriate stormwater management.
Future Activities:
Project 1
Ongoing work for Activity 1 includes completing work on the Boulder case study and subsequent publication. Additional work will include the Big Dry Creek case study as well as development of the eRAMS tool based on the case study results. Work also will continue with regard to biosolids management implications with an emphasis on MWRD.
Ongoing work for Activity 2 – statistical modeling includes (1) cluster analysis of WWTP compliance data as parsimonious alternative to GLM and spatial modeling of residuals; and (2) logistic regression model of permit exceedance/compliance and spatial modeling of residuals to produce a spatial risk model for WWTP permit violations for ammonia. Additional modeling of the magnitude of ammonia permit exceedances using Generalized Pareto distribution. Combination of risk of exceeding ammonia permit limits combines with magnitude distribution will be used to evaluate extreme discharge values; and (3) acquisition and modeling with more detailed data sets from Colorado Front Range wastewater treatment facilities.
Ongoing work for Activity 2 – treatment process modeling includes continued incorporation of the water conservation (e.g., gray water reuse) and nutrient source control (e.g., urine collection) measures that could be implemented in Boulder via the output from the expanded IUWM developed by CSU, as well as developing and running the simulations outlined under Activity 2 in the Project Summary/Accomplishments section.
Project 2
North Carolina
- Continue monitoring BRCs retrofit with upturned elbow for IWS.
- Receive and install filter media at the two ponds; monitor for water quality and hydrology.
- Begin data analysis.
Colorado
- Continue monitoring BRCs retrofit with upturned elbow for IWS.
- Receive designed filter media from Carolina Stalite.
- Install media at the two ponds and monitor for water quality and hydrology.
- Begin data analysis.
Project 3
Jordan Lake Watershed, North Carolina
The North Carolina project team will continue to monitor the sampling locations as well as continue to collect land use data for the areas of interest. A newly hired post-doc will continue efforts on the human dimensions research, farmer fertilizer decision-making.
South Platte River Basin, Colorado
The Colorado project team will continue monitoring BMP effectiveness on the project field as well as continue interviewing the BMP expert panel.
Project 4
During the next reporting period, the bank erosion and phosphorus loading modeling for Big Dry Creek will be completed. In addition, field sampling will be planned and conducted on the second study watershed, Little Lick Creek, Durham, NC. Finally, the literature review on stream restoration as a nutrient reduction strategy will be finalized.
Project 5
Ongoing work for the next reporting period includes continuing to move forward with the defined research plan; working with each Project group on providing consistent cost estimates; integrating the first four projects with projects 6 and 7, based on a Case Study of Big Dry Creek, Colorado, to present to stakeholders at the upcoming CLEAN Annual Stakeholder meeting in February 2016; continuing work on the adoption study modeling how characteristics of management practices influence adoption; and considering ways to extend our knowledge of policy and management adoption in the agriculture sector to the other sectors.
Journal Articles: 38 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
Other center views: | All 137 publications | 38 publications in selected types | All 36 journal articles |
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Hoag DLK, Arabi M, Osmond D, Ribaudo M, Motallebi M, Tasdighi A. Policy utopias for nutrient credit trading programs with nonpoint sources. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2017;53(3):514-520. |
R835570 (2017) R835570 (Final) |
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Hoag, D. C. Goemans, and T. Orlando, Sustainable policies that align irrigation and water quality, Special Issue:The Future of Water in the West, Western Economic Forum, 16(1):54. |
R835570 (Final) |
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Johnson JP, Hunt WF. Evaluating the spatial distribution of pollutants and associated maintenance requirements in an 11 year-old bioretention cell in urban Charlotte, NC. Journal of Environmental Management 2016;184(Pt 2):363-370. |
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Johnson JP, Hunt WF. Evaluating the spatial distribution of pollutants and associated maintenance requirements in an 11 year-old bioretention cell in urban Charlotte, NC. Journal of Environmental Management 2016;184(2):363-370. |
R835570 (2017) |
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Kohler LE, Silverstein J, Rajagopalan B. Modeling on-site wastewater treatment system performance fragility to hydroclimate stressors. Water Science and Technology 2016;74(12):2917-2926. |
R835570 (2016) |
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Kohler LE, Silverstein J, Rajagopalan B. Modeling on-site wastewater treatment system performance fragility to hydroclimate stressors. Water Science & Technology 2016;74(12):2917-2926. |
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Lammers RW, Bledsoe BP, Langendoen EJ. Uncertainty and sensitivity in a bank stability model: implications for estimating phosphorus loading. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2016 [Epub ahead of print], doi:10.1002/esp.4004. |
R835570 (Final) |
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Lammers RW, Bledsoe BP, Langendoen EJ. Uncertainty and sensitivity in a bank stability model: implications for estimating phosphorus loading. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2017;42(4):612-623. |
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Lammers RW, Bledsoe BP. What role does stream restoration play in nutrient management? Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2017;47(6):335-371. |
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Lammers RW, Bledsoe BP. Parsimonious sediment transport equations based on Bagnold’s stream power approach. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2018;43(1):242–258. |
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McKenna A, Silverstein J, Sharvelle S, Hodgson B. Modeled Response of Wastewater Nutrient Treatment to Indoor Water Conservation. Environmental Engineering Science 2017;35(5) |
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Motallebi M, O’Connell C, Hoag DL, Osmond DL. Role of conservation adoption premiums on participation in water quality trading programs. Water 2016;8(6):245 (13 pp.). |
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Motallebi M, Hoag DL, Tasdighi A, Arabi M, Osmond DL. An economic inquisition of water quality trading programs, with a case study of Jordan Lake, NC. Journal of Environmental Management 2017;193:483-490. |
R835570 (2017) R835570 (Final) |
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Motallebi M, Hoag DL, Tasdighi A, Arabi M, Osmond DL, Boone RB. The impact of relative individual ecosystem demand on stacking ecosystem credit markets. Ecosystem Services 2018;29(Part A):137-144. |
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Mueller Price JS, Baker DW, Bledsoe BP. Effects of passive and structural stream restoration approaches on transient storage and nitrate uptake. River Research and Applications 2016;32(7):1542-1554. |
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O'Connell C, Motallebi M, Osmond DL, Hoag DL. Trading on Risk: the moral logics and economic reasoning of North Carolina farmers in water quality trading markets. Economic Anthropology 2017;4(2):225-238. |
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Records RM, Wohl E, Arabi M. Phosphorus in the river corridor. Earth-Science Reviews 2016;158:65-88. |
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Rosburg TT, Nelson PA, Sholtes JS, Bledsoe BP. The effect of flow data resolution on sediment yield estimation and channel design. Journal of Hydrology 2016;538:429–439,. |
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Rosburg TT, Nelson PA, Bledsoe BP. Effects of urbanization on flow duration and stream flashiness: a case study of Puget Sound streams, western Washington, USA. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 2017;53(2):493-507. |
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Sharp MD, Hoag DLK, Bailey RT, Romero EC, Gates TK. Institutional constraints on cost‐effective water management: selenium contamination in Colorado's lower Arkansas River Valley. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2016;52(6):1420-1432. |
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Stroth TR, Bledsoe BP, Nelson PA. Full spectrum analytical channel design with the Capacity/Supply Ratio (CSR). Water 2017;9(4):271. |
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Suchetana B, Rajagopalan B, Silverstein J. Hierarchical modeling approach to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of wastewater treatment compliance with biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and ammonia limits in the United States. Environmental Engineering Science 2016;33(7):514-524. |
R835570 (2014) R835570 (2017) |
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Suchetana B, Rajagopalan B, Silverstein J. Hierarchical modeling approach to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of wastewater treatment compliance with biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and ammonia limits in the United States. Environmental Engineering Science 2016;33(7):514-524. |
R835570 (2016) R835570 (Final) |
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Suchetana B, Rajagopalan B, Silverstein J. Hierarchical modeling approach to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of wastewater treatment compliance with biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and ammonia limits in the United States. Environmental Engineering Science 2016;33(7):514-524. |
R835570 (2014) R835570 (2017) |
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Suchetana B, Rajagopalan B, Silverstein J. Hierarchical modeling approach to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of wastewater treatment compliance with biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and ammonia limits in the United States. Environmental Engineering Science 2016;33(7):514-524. |
R835570 (2016) R835570 (Final) |
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Suchetana B, Rajagopalan B, Silverstein J. Assessment of wastewater treatment facility compliance with decreasing ammonia discharge limits using a regression tree model. Science of the Total Environment 2017;598:249-257. |
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Suchetana B, Rajagopalan B, Silverstein J. Modeling Total Inorganic Nitrogen in Treated Wastewater Using Non-Homogeneous Hidden Markov and Multinomial Logistic Regression Models. Science of the Total Environment 2019;46:625-633. |
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Wei, X., Bailey, R., Records, Wible, T., Arabi, M. Comprehensive simulation of nitrate transport in coupled surface-subsurface hydrologic systems using the linked SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D model, Environmental Modeling & Software 2018 . |
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Weirich SR, Silverstein J, Rajagopalan B. Resilience of secondary wastewater treatment plants:prior performance is predictive of future process failure and recovery time. Environmental Engineering Science 2015;32(3):222-231. |
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Weirich SR, Silverstein J, Rajagopalan B. Simulation of effluent biological oxygen demand and ammonia for increasingly decentralized networks of wastewater treatment facilities. Environmental Engineering Science 2015;32(3):232-239. |
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Weirich SR, Silverstein J, Rajagopalan B. Simulation of effluent BOD Ammonia for Increasingly Decentralized Networks of Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Environmental Engineering Science 2015;32(3):232-239. |
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Williams RE, Arabi M, Loftis J, Elmund GK. Monitoring design for assessing compliance with numeric nutrient standards for rivers and streams using geospatial variables. Journal of Environmental Quality 2014;43(5):1713-1724. |
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Winston RJ, Hunt WF, Pluer WT. Nutrient and sediment reduction through upflow filtration of stormwater retention pond effluent. Journal of Environmental Engineering 2017;143(5):06017002. |
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Wohl EE, Bledsoe BP, Jacobson RB, Poff NL, Rathburn SL, Walters D, Wilcox AC. The Natural Sediment Regime in Rivers:Broadening the Foundation for Ecosystem Management. Bioscience 2015; 65(4):358–371 |
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Hodgson B, Sharvelle S, Silverstein j, McKenna A. Impact of Water Management Strategies on Wastewater Effluent Nutrient Discharge and Receiving Water Quality. Environmental Engineering Science 2017;35(6). |
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Lammers RW, Bledsoe BP. A Network Scale, Intermediate Complexity Model for Stimulating Channel Evolution Over Years to Decades. Journal of Hydrology 2018;566:886-900. |
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Tasdighi A, Arabi M, Harmel D, Line D. A Bayesian total uncertainty analysis framework for assessment of management practices using watershed models, Environmental Modelling and Software. Environmental Modeling & Software 2018;108:240-252. |
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Tasdighi A, Arabi M, Harmel D. A probabilistic appraisal of rainfall-runoff modeling approaches within SWAT in mixed land use watersheds. Journal of Hydrology 2018;564:476-489. |
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Supplemental Keywords:
Feasibility, MCDA, institutional analysis, graywater, ANNOMOX, stormwater management, best management practice, nitrogen, phosphorus, cost-benefit, intentional watershed planning, targeted BMP implementation, pollution, eutrophication, denitrification, channel evolution, credit trading, economics, incentives, nutrient, policy, socioeconomic;Relevant Websites:
Progress and Final Reports:
Original AbstractThe perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.