Grantee Research Project Results
Final Report: Material and Environmental Sustainability in Ceramic Processing
EPA Grant Number: X832541C009Subproject: this is subproject number 009 , established and managed by the Center Director under grant X832541
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: Center for Environmental and Energy Research (CEER)
Center Director: Earl, David A.
Title: Material and Environmental Sustainability in Ceramic Processing
Investigators: Carty, William
Institution: Alfred University
EPA Project Officer: Aja, Hayley
Project Period: October 1, 2005 through September 30, 2006
RFA: Targeted Research Center (2006) Recipients Lists
Research Category: Targeted Research
Objective:
It is theorized that froth flotation can be used to separate frit from pigment in waste glaze systems. In this way components from glaze could be separated, purified and reused in the process. Froth flotation is feasible because it exploits surface chemistry differences, and the pigment and frit particles typically have substantially different surface chemistries.
In order to effectively model the surface chemistry of glaze components, four titrations were done.
- The first titration was 2.5 grams of 3124 Ferro Frit in 100 ml of water.
- The second titration was 2.5 grams of Mason Chrome Free Black Pigment in 100 ml of water.
- The third titration was 2.5 grams of Ferro 3124 Frit in 100 ml of water.
- The fourth titration was 2.5 grams of Mason Chrome Free Black Pigment in 100 ml of water.
Summary/Accomplishments (Outputs/Outcomes):
Materials Characterization
The density of 3124 Ferro Frit and Mason Chrome Free Black Pigment was measured to be 2.4911 g/cm3 and 5.0703 g/cm3 respectively. The single point, BET and Langmuir surface area of 3124 Ferro Frit was determined to be 0.67945 m2/g, 0.69545 m2/g and 1.0901 m2/g respectively. The single point, BET and Langmuir surface area of Mason Chrome Free Black Pigment was determined to be 1.81365 m2/g, 1.85055 m2/g and 2.9035 m2/g respectively. From the surface area (SA) and density (r) measurements the spherical particle diameter was estimated using the following equation (units are shown in parenthesis):
Diameter (μm) = 6 / SA (m2/g) x ρ (g/cm3)
Substituting the 3124 Ferro Frit single point surface area and density values into the equation, the diameter was estimated to be 3.54 μm. Substituting the Mason Chrome Free Black Pigment single point surface area and density values into the equation, the diameter was calculated to be 0.652 μm.
Flotation Studies
Flotation cells were set up containing 7.5 grams 3124 Frit and 2.5 grams Mason Chrome Free Black Pigment (10 grams of glaze material total). The anionic collector used was Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS). The cationic collector used was Dodeclyamine. The amount of collector used was 0.2g, 0.1g, 0.05g and 0.01g. It was found that SDS was not efficient in flotation, whereas the Dodecylamine effectively floated the vast majority of material (95% plus) but density measurements confirm that the flotation was not selective between the frit and pigment.
The results of these trials are tabulated below.
Conclusions:
Year One Conclusions
1) Dodecylamine is an excellent collector for the 3124 Ferro Frit and Mason Chrome Free Black Pigment system (over 95% of material can be floated).
2) Density measurements show that non-selective flotation of the frit and pigment was achieved with only Dodecylamine addition.
[This project was continued with funding from EPA grant no. R-83042001-4]
Year Two Goals
1) Use the Acid to Base and Base to Acid titration data to select optimal flotation pH based on differential surface chemistry of the materials.
2) Improve flotation selectivity, possibly with the use of a depressant to decrease reactivity of one, either the frit or pigment.
Supplemental Keywords:
froth flotation, waste glaze recovery, glaze recycling, surface chemistry,Relevant Websites:
Main Center Abstract and Reports:
X832541 Center for Environmental and Energy Research (CEER) Subprojects under this Center: (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
X832541C001 Microarray System for Contaminated Water Analysis
X832541C003 The Fining Behavior of Selectively Batched Commercial Glasses
X832541C004 The Use of Fly Ash in the Production of SiAlON based Structural Ceramics
X832541C005 Separation and Purification of Hydrogen From Mixed Gas Streams Using Hollow Glass Microspheres
X832541C006 Magnesium Rich Coatings for Corrosion Control of Reactive Metal Alloys
X832541C008 Tunneled Titanate Photocatalysts for Environmental Remediation and Hydrogen Generation
X832541C009 Material and Environmental Sustainability in Ceramic Processing
X832541C010 Robust, Spectrally Selective Ceramic Coatings for Recycled Solar Power Tubes
X832541C011 Recycling of Silicon-Wafers Production Wastes to SiAlON Based Ceramics with Improved Mechanical Properties
X832541C012 Emissions Reduction of Commercial Glassmaking Using Selective Batching
The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.