Toxicological Review of Perfluorohexanoic Acid (Pfhxa) and Related Salts (Interagency Science Discussion Draft, 2023)

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Abstract

In April 2023, EPA finalized the IRIS Toxicological Review of Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) and Related Salts. The Toxicological Review was reviewed internally by EPA and by other federal agencies and White House Offices after public release in February 2022. Consistent with the May 2009 IRIS assessment development process, all written comments on IRIS assessments submitted by other federal agencies and White House Offices are made publicly available on this site.

Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) and its related salts are members of the group of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Concerns about PFHxA and other PFAS stem from the resistance of these compounds to hydrolysis, photolysis, and biodegradation, which leads to their persistence in the environment. PFAS are not naturally occurring in the environment; they are man-made compounds that have been used widely over the past several decades in consumer products and industrial applications because of their resistance to heat, oil, stains, grease, and water.

PFHxA is a breakdown product of other PFAS that are used in stain-resistant fabrics, paper food packaging, and carpets; it is also used for manufacturing photographic film, and it is used as a substitute for longer chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in consumer products. PFHxA has been found to accumulate in agricultural crops and has been detected in household dust, soils, food products, and surface, ground, and drinking water.

As such, exposure is possible via inhalation of indoor or outdoor air, ingestion of drinking water and food, and dermal contact with PFHxA-containing products.

Impact/Purpose

EPA is undertaking an update of the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) health assessment for PFHxA and it's related salts. The outcome of this project is an IRIS Toxicological Review and Executive Summary for PFHxA that will be entered into the IRIS database.

Status

Now that the interagency review draft has been completed and finalized, the PFHxA assessment has been loaded into the IRIS Web site and Database.

Citation

U.S. EPA. Toxicological Review of Perfluorohexanoic Acid (Pfhxa) and Related Salts (Interagency Science Discussion Draft, 2023). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/635/R-23/021, 2023.

History/Chronology

Date Description
01-Nov 2019EPA released the Systematic Review Protocol for the PFAS IRIS Assessment (Preliminary Assessment Materials). [Federal Register Notice Nov 8, 2019]
02-Jul 2020EPA released an update to the Systematic Review Protocol for the PFBA, PFHxA, PFHxS, PFNA, and PFDA IRIS Assessments in response to public comments.
03-Aug 2021EPA sent an interagency science consultation PFHxA draft for review and comment.
04-Feb 2022EPA released the draft IRIS Toxicological Review of Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) and Related Salts for a 60-day public comment period and external peer review. EPA also released the interagency science consultation documents, comments from reviewers, and EPA's response to major comments. [Federal Register Notice: Feb 2, 2022 ]
05-Aug 2022EPA posted the final peer review report from the contractor on the EPA website.
06-Feb 2023EPA submitted the revised interagency science discussion draft for final Agency and Interagency review.