IRIS Toxicological Review of Thallium and Compounds (External Review Draft)
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Abstract
Thallium exists in monovalent (Tl+1) and trivalent (Tl+3) states. Thallium is released to the environment through the combustion of fossil fuels, refinement of oil fractions, the smelting of ferrous and non-ferrous ores, and by some other industrial processes such as cement production and brick works. In the past, thallium was used as a depilatory agent and as a treatment for ringworm, venereal diseases, TB, and malaria. It was banned for use as a pesticide in the United States in 1972. Currently, thallium compounds are used in the semiconductor industry, the manufacture of optic lenses and low-melting glass, low-temperature thermometers, alloys, electronic devices, mercury lamps, fireworks, and imitation gems, and clinically as an imaging agent in the diagnosis of certain tumors.
Impact/Purpose
Status
Citation
History/Chronology
Date | Description |
---|---|
1987 | IRIS assessments of thallium acetate, carbonate, chloride, nitrate, selenite, and sulfate, and thallic oxide posted on the IRIS database (RfD only). |
1988 | RfDs for thallium compounds revised. |
1989 | RfD for thallic oxide withdrawn from the IRIS database. |
1990 | Carcinogenicity assessments for thallium compounds added to the IRIS database. |
1993 | RfD for thallium selenite withdrawn from the IRIS database. |
Feb 2008 | EPA releases the draft document, IRIS Toxicological Review of Thallium, for public review and comment in a February 15, 2008 Federal Register notice. |
Apr 2008 | EPA announces the external peer review panel workshop in an April 8, 2008 Federal Register notice. |
Sep 2009 | EPA released the Final Toxicological Review (PDF) (136 pp, 964K) and accompanying Summary for Thallium and Compounds to the IRIS Web site. |
Additional Information
Contact Information
Octavia Conerlyby phone at: 202-566-1094
by fax at: 202-566-1140
by email at: conerly.octavia@epa.gov
Susan Rieth
by phone at: 703-347-8582
by fax at: 703-347-8699
by email at: rieth.susan@epa.gov
This download(s) is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by EPA. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy.
- Toxicological Review of Thallium (External Review Draft) (PDF) (86 pp, 474 KB, about PDF)
- Charge to External Peer Reviewers (PDF) (3 pp, 21 KB, about PDF)
- Consolidated Comments from the External Peer Review (Final) (PDF) (76 pp, 257 KB, about PDF)
Related Link(s)
- Compilation of Reviewer Comments and Responses to Charge Questions (Reported by Midwest Research Institute) (PDF) (10 pp, 43 KB, about PDF)
- Volume 1: Range Finding (14-Day Study) (PDF) (55 pp, 29 MB, about PDF)
- Volume 2: Range Finding (90-Day Study) Part 1 (PDF) (299 pp, 57 MB, about PDF)
- Volume 2: Range Finding - Part 2 (Appendix IV) (PDF) (255 pp, 150 MB, about PDF)
- IRIS Toxicological Review of Thallium And Compounds (Final Report)