US EPA

In August 2014, EPA released the draft literature searches and associated search strategies, evidence tables, and exposure response arrays for DINP to obtain input from stakeholders and the public prior to developing the draft IRIS assessment. Specifically, EPA was interested in comments on the following:

• Draft literature search strategies
• The approach for identifying studies
• The screening process for selecting pertinent studies
• The resulting list of pertinent studies
• Preliminary evidence tables
  • The process for selecting studies to include in evidence tables
  • The quality of the studies in the evidence tables

The literature search strategy, which describes the processes for identifying scientific literature, contains the studies that EPA considered and selected to include in the evidence tables. The preliminary evidence tables and exposure-response arrays present the key study data in a standardized format. The evidence tables summarize the available critical scientific literature. The exposure-response figures provide a graphical representation of the responses at different levels of exposure for each study in the evidence table.

DINP is used in the production of plastics to increase flexibility and is commonly present in products such as toys, vinyl swimming pools, vinyl containing furniture and clothes, flooring, gloves, drinking straws, garden hoses and sealants used in food packaging. Most DINP is used in PVC products, with less than 10% used in non-PVC products such as different types of rubber, inks, pigments, paints, lacquers, adhesives, and sealants.

The use of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) has largely been replaced by DINP, though not in medical products. In 2008, the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) placed an interim ban on DINP in children’s toys and certain child care articles at concentrations greater than 0.1 percent. The Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel (CHAP) recommended that the interim ban on DINP be made permanent in children’s toys and child care products at level greater than 0.1%.

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U.S. EPA. IRIS Toxicological Review of Diisononyl Phthalate (Dinp) (Preliminary Assessment Materials). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/635/R-14/242, 2014.