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- Organization = [ORD-NHEERL]
- Keyword = Pharmaceuticals.
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3-D SIMULATIONS OF AIRWAYS WITHIN HUMAN LUNGS
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Mar 14, 2005]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Mar 14, 2005]
Information regarding the deposition patterns of inhaled particles has important application to the fields of toxicology and medicine. The former concerns the risk assessment of inhaled air pollutants (inhalation toxicology); the latter concerns the targeted delivery of inhaled ...
A COMPUTATIONAL LIBRARY OF THE BIOMOLECULAR TARGETS FOR TOXICITY: RECEPTORS IN THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Jun 02, 2004]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Jun 02, 2004]
A Computational Library of the Biomolecular Targets for Toxicity: Receptors in the Endocrine System<br><br>Authors: James R. Rabinowitz and Stephen B. Little, MTB/ECD/NHEERL/ORD, and Huajun Fan, Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina<br>Structure activity models ...
A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING THE HAZARD OF PHARMACEUTICAL MATERIALS TO AQUATIC SPECIES
(BOOK CHAPTER) [Published : Dec 10, 2005]
(BOOK CHAPTER) [Published : Dec 10, 2005]
There are a wide variety of existing ecotoxicity methods that may be used to address potential impacts of human pharmaceuticals on populations of aquatic organisms. Several key methods, using algae, invertebrates, or fish, focus upon measuring population-relevent effects (e.g. su...
A NATIONAL AGENDA ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE AGING
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Jun 01, 2004]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Jun 01, 2004]
By 2030, the number of older Americans is expected to double to 70 million largely as a result of the aging of the baby boomers. The rapid growth in the number of older Americans has many public health implications, including the need to better understand the potential risks p...
A Short-term In vivo Screen using Fetal Testosterone Production, a Key Event in the Phthalate Adverse Outcome Pathway, to Predict Disruption of Sexual Differentiation.
(JOURNAL) [Published : Aug 01, 2014]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Aug 01, 2014]
This study was designed to develop and validate a short-term in vivo protocol termed the Fetal Phthalate Screen (FPS) to detect phthalate esters (PEs) and other chemicals that disrupt fetal testosterone synthesis and testis gene expression in rats. We propose that the FPS can be ...
A systems-based approach to predict biological responses of aquatic organisms to complex environmental mixtures
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 21, 2013]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 21, 2013]
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) such as new-generation pesticides, pharmaceuticals, household and personal care products, steroid hormones, and flame retardants enter the aquatic environment through multiple sources such as wastewater treatment plants and agricultural ope...
AEROSOL DEPOSITION AS A FUNCTION OF AIRWAY DISEASE: CYSTIC FIBROSIS
[Published : Dec 31, 1995]
[Published : Dec 31, 1995]
Progressive lung disease associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) is a continuous interaction of the processes of airway obstruction, infection and inflammation. ecent literature has suggested that the manifestation of CF could compromise the successful administration of pharmacologi...
AI AND SAR APPROACHES FOR PREDICTING CHEMICAL CARCINOGENICITY: SURVEY AND STATUS REPORT
(JOURNAL) [Published : Mar 31, 2002]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Mar 31, 2002]
A wide variety of artificial intelligence (AI) and structure-activity relationship (SAR approaches have been applied to tackling the general problem of predicting rodent chemical carcinogenicity. Given the diversity of chemical structures and mechanisms relative to this endpoin...
ALTERATIONS IN mRNA GENE EXPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM, CELL CYCLE, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED BY TRIAZOLE CONTAINING CONAZOLES IN RAT LIVER
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Mar 07, 2006]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Mar 07, 2006]
Conazoles are fungicides used as pharmaceuticals and in agriculture. Triadimefon was hepatotoxic and induced follicular cell adenomas in the thyroid gland. In contrast,propiconazole and myclobutanil were hepatotoxic but had no effect on the thyroid gland. It was proposed that tri...
ALTERATIONS IN A11 TRANS RETINOIC ACID METABOLISM IN LIVER MICROSOMES FROM MICE TREATED WITH HEPATOTUMORIGENIC AND NON-HEPATOTUMORIGENIC CONAZOLES
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Oct 12, 2007]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Oct 12, 2007]
Conazoles are fungicides used in crop protection and as pharmaceuticals. Triadimefon and propiconazole are hepatotumorigenic in mice, while myclobutanil is not. Previous toxicogenomic studies suggest that alteration of the retinoic acid metabolism pathway may be a key event in co...
ARRAY TECHNOLOGY AS A TOOL TO MONITOR EXPOSURE OF FISH TO XENOESTROGENS
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Sep 20, 2002]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Sep 20, 2002]
Use of DNA Macroarrays to Evaluate the Effects of Environmental Estrogens on Wildlife. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Water, 9-11 October 2001, Minneapolis, MN. National Ground Water Association, Weste...
Advancing the 3Rs in Regulatory Toxicology - Carcinogenicity Testing: Scope for Harmonisation and Advancing the 3Rs in Regulated Sectors of the European Union
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jul 01, 2014]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jul 01, 2014]
Abstract
Different government agencies operating in the European Union regulate different types of chemical products, but all require testing for carcinogenicity to support applications for product marketing and commercialisation. A conference was held in Brussels in 2013 where ...
Adverse Outcome Pathways – Organizing Toxicological Information to Improve Decision Making
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jan 01, 2016]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jan 01, 2016]
The number of chemicals for which environmental regulatory decisions are required far exceeds the current capacity for toxicity testing. High throughput screening (HTS) commonly used for drug discovery has the potential to increase this capacity. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP)...
Alternatives to in vivo tests to detect endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in fish and amphibians – interactions with estrogens, androgens, and thyroid hormones
(JOURNAL) [Published : Nov 28, 2012]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Nov 28, 2012]
Endocrine disruption is considered a highly relevant endpoint for environmental risk assessment of chemicals, plant protection products, biocides and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, screening for endocrine disruption – with focus on vertebrates (fish and amphibians) and estrogen, and...
Ammonium Perchlorate Induces Thyroid Hormone Insufficiency and a Cortical Heterotopia in the Rat Brain
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Mar 15, 2018]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Mar 15, 2018]
A morphological defect, a cortical heterotopia, has been observed in the brains of rat pups exposed in utero to moderate doses of the thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis inhibitor propylthioruracil (PTU). TH insufficiency during late gestation/early postnatal period is required to ind...
An "EAR" on environmental surveillance and monitoring: A case study on the use of exposure-activity ratios (EARS) to prioritize sites, chemicals, and bioactivities of concern in Great Lakes waters
(JOURNAL) [Published : Aug 01, 2017]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Aug 01, 2017]
Current environmental monitoring approaches focus primarily on chemical occurrence. However, based on chemical concentration alone, it can be difficult to identify which compounds may be of toxicological concern for prioritization for further monitoring or management. This can be...
Application of Mechanistic Toxicology Data to Ecological Risk Assessments
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 07, 2010]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 07, 2010]
The ongoing evolution of knowledge and tools in the areas of molecular biology, bioinformatics, and systems biology holds significant promise for reducing uncertainties associated with ecological risk assessment. As our understanding of the mechanistic basis of responses of organ...
Application of Mode of Action Analysis and Human Relevance Framework
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Aug 24, 2012]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Aug 24, 2012]
Animal bioassays have been used for more than a half century to determine whether pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, and other products might cause health problems in humans. As such, animal bioassays have become the standard for detecting the potential for adver...
Application of an integrated strategy for monitoring of contaminants, including endocrine active chemicals, in Great Lakes Areas of Concern
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 15, 2012]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 15, 2012]
Chemical monitoring strategies are most effective for those chemicals whose hazards are well understood and for which sensitive and cost effective analytical methods are available. Unfortunately, such chemicals represent a minor fraction of those that may currently occur in the e...
Approaches and Considerations for the Assessment of Immunotoxicity for Environmental Chemicals: A Workshop Summary
(JOURNAL) [Published : Nov 23, 2013]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Nov 23, 2013]
As additional experience is gained with current toxicology testing approaches and as new assays and technologies are developed, it is critical for all stakeholders to engage in active dialog about potential opportunities to advance our overall testing strategies. To facilitate t...
Approaches for predicting effects of unintended environmental exposure to an endocrine active pharmaceutical, tamoxifen
(JOURNAL) [Published : Nov 07, 2016]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Nov 07, 2016]
Tamoxifen is an endocrine-active pharmaceutical (EAP) that is used world-wide. Because tamoxifen is a ubiquitous pharmaceutical and interacts with estrogen receptors, a case study was conducted with this compound to (1) determine effects on reproductive endpoints in a nontarget s...
Assessment of Circulating Hormones in and Nonclinical Toxicity Studies: General Concepts and Considerations
(JOURNAL) [Published : May 08, 2012]
(JOURNAL) [Published : May 08, 2012]
In the course of conducting standard toxicological testing, experimental observations are noted when a specific finding may have an etiology that is related or suspected to be related to an underlying hormonal change. In most standard regulatory toxicology studies for pharmaceuti...
Assessment of wastewater treatment plant effluent on fish reproduction utilizing the adverse outcome pathway conceptual framework
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 09, 2014]
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 09, 2014]
Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are a known contributor of chemical mixture inputs into the environment. Whole effluent testing guidelines were developed to screen these complex mixtures for acute toxicity. However, efficient and cost-effective approaches for screenin...
BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TOXICITY CAUSED BY CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS ELUTED FROM SITE SOILS COLLECTED AT THE DRAKE CHEMICAL SUPERFUND SITE
[Published : May 24, 2002]
[Published : May 24, 2002]
The site was used to manufactured specialty intermediate chemicals for the producers of dyes, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, herbicides, and pesticides. he herbicide Fenac (2,3,6-trichlorophenylacetic acid) is a major on- and off-site contaminant. ne hundred twenty -eight soils were...
Bioactive contaminants of emerging concern in National Park waters of the northern Colorado Plateau, USA
(JOURNAL) [Published : Sep 15, 2018]
(JOURNAL) [Published : Sep 15, 2018]
The U.S. National Park Service, Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Geological Survey developed a screening program to characterize pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP), wastewater indicators, and pesticides (collectively referred to as Contaminants of Emerging...