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This paper reviews the tissue residue approach (TRA) for toxicity assessment as it applies to organic chemicals and some organometallic compounds (tin, mercury, and lead). Specific emphasis was placed on evaluating key factors that influence interpretation of critical body resid...

Atrazine, a widely used herbicide in the agricultural regions of the Lake Michigan basin, was selected as a priority toxic chemical study in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) - sponsored Lake Michigan Mass Balance Project.

Recently, a short-term rat dosing model has been developed to examine the effects of environmental mixtures on thyroid homeostasis (TH). Prototypic chemicals such as dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers have been tested and shown to adversely impa...

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Carbamates are a class of pesticide used in both agricultural and residential applications. A simple HPLC method for detecting Carb and its metabolite 1-naphthol (Naph) in tissues was developed to try to correlate tissue levels of carbaryl (Carb) (a prototypical carbamate) with c...

Abstract <br>The known aneuploidogens, benomyl and its metabolite, carbendazim (methyl 2- benzimidazole carbamate or MBC), were selected for the third in a series of ongoing projects with selected pesticides. Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity data submitted to the U.S. Environmen...

This study was designed to develop and validate a short-term in vivo protocol termed the Fetal Phthalate Screen (FPS) to detect phthalate esters (PEs) and other chemicals that disrupt fetal testosterone synthesis and testis gene expression in rats. We propose that the FPS can be ...

A proposal has been developed by the Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment (ACSA) Technical Committee of the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) for an improved approach to assessing the safety of crop protection chemicals. The goal is to ensure that studie...

Ecological risk assessments are often limited in their ability to consider metabolic transformations for fish species due to a lack of data. When these types of evaluations are attempted they are often based on parent chemical only, or by assuming similarity to available mammali...

Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are a growing aspect of the global economy, and their safe and sustainable development, use and eventual disposal requires the capability to forecast and avoid potential problems. This review is concerned with the releases of ENM into the environmen...

A rule-based expert system (ES) was developed to predict chemical binding to the estrogen receptor (ER) patterned on the research approaches championed by Gilman Veith to whom this article and journal issue are dedicated. The ERES was built to be mechanistically-transparent and m...

Product Description (FY17 Key Product): Current ecological risk assessment for pesticides under FIFRA relies on risk quotients (RQs), which suffer from significant methodological shortcomings. For example, RQs do not integrate adverse effects arising from multiple demographic pr...

Pesticides are used widely in US agriculture and may affect non-target organisms, including birds. Some pesticide classes (e.g., acetylcholinesterase inhibitors) are known or suspected to cause direct mortality to birds, while others (e.g., synthetic pyrethroids, neonicotinoids) ...

Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) such as new-generation pesticides, pharmaceuticals, household and personal care products, steroid hormones, and flame retardants enter the aquatic environment through multiple sources such as wastewater treatment plants and agricultural ope...

Cortical heterotopias are characterized as clusters of ectopic neurons in the brain, and are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders like epilepsy and learning disabilities in patients. We have previously characterized the robust penetrance of a heterotopia in a rat model, i...

Brief exposure to some pesticides, applied during a sensitive window for the neural regulation of ovulation, will block the preovulatory surge of LH, and thus delay ovulation. Previously, we have shown that a single i.p. injection of 50 mg/kg of thiram, a dithiocarbamate fungici...

The toxicity, bioconcentration, and persistence of the pesticides acephate, aldicarb, carbophenothion, DEF, EPN, ethoprop, methyl parathion, and phorate were determined for estuarine environments. Static acute toxicity tests were conducted to determine the 96-h EC50 values for al...

All acute toxicity data developed by the Gulf Breeze Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, since 1961 were evaluated for quality. A data base was established for 1,175 tests with 197 chemicals and 52 species of estuarine organisms. The chemicals...

Flow-through acute lethal toxicity tests were conducted with kelthane, dursban, disulfoton, pydrin and permethrin using rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri and fathead minnows Pimephales promelas in Lake Superior water. Pydrin was the most toxic pesticide tested to both species of fish...

LD sub 50 values were determined for 57 pesticides administered by the oral or dermal route to adult male and female Sherman rats. Nine pesticides tested by the oral route (bufencarb, cacodylic acid, dialifor, deltamethrin, dicamba, diquat, quintozene, phoxim, pyrazon) and 4 test...

Six pesticides were evaluated in laboratory studies to determine acute (96-h) toxicity, octanol-water partition coefficient (log P), solubility, and persistence in seawater. In addition, three of the six pesticides (synthetic pyrethroids) were tested by using the eastern oyster (...

Six pesticides were evaluated in laboratory studies to determine: acute (96-h) toxicity, octanol/water partition coefficients (Log P), solubility, and persistence in seawater. In addition, three of the six pesticides (synthetic pyrethroids) were tested using the eastern oyster (C...

Current test protocols for the protection of nontarget plants used when registering pesticides in the United States and many other countries depend on two tests using greenhouse grown, agricultural seedling plants. The seedling emergence and vegetative vigor tests are used to as...

Antiandrogenic chemicals alter sexual differentiation by a variety of mechanisms, and as a consequence, they induce different profiles of effects. For example, in utero treatment with the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, flutamide, produces ventral prostate agenesis and testicu...

Anthropogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or chemical mixtures alter androgen-response tissues via a variety of mechanisms including mimicking or blocking the action of the natural ligand to the androgen receptor (AR), inhibiting steroid hormone synthesis or by acting a...