Office of Research and Development Publications

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With increasing concerns about freshwater cyanobacteria blooms, there is a need to identify which waterbodies are at risk for developing these blooms, especially those that produce cyanotoxins. To address this concern, we developed spatial statistical models using the US National...

Background: Air pollution risk assessments do not generally quantify health impacts using multipollutant risk estimates, but instead use results from single-pollutant or copollutant models. Multipollutant epidemiological models account for pollutant interactions and joint effects...

This presentation will review the latest research on inputs, budgets, effects, legacies and management related to non-point source nutrient pollution.  Using examples of nitrogen and phosphorus budgets at the national, regional and local scales, Jana Compton from EPA’s...

Pew Charitable Trusts – Peatland Mapping Workshop Series.  Amanda Nahlik is invited to present at the Peatland Mapping Workshop webinar focused on quantifying peatland extent with the goal of producing a national peatland map.  This webinar series was organized to...

This is a contributed presentation to the Monday Morning Meeting seminar series organized by the Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Science at Oregon State University and focuses on the use of joint species distribution modeling to quantify taxon-environment relat...

Current methods for cancer risk assessment are resource-intensive and not practical for thousands of untested chemicals in the environment. In earlier studies, we developed a new approach methodology (NAM) to identify liver tumorigens using gene expression biomarkers and associat...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are compounds found in many consumer and industrial products with ubiquitous spread in environmental matrices. While there is evidence that some PFAS, notably perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), cause d...

Anxiety may be related to chemical exposure during brain development, so there’s a need to assess anxiety after exposure to environmental chemicals. However, there is not a standard high throughput assay to assess mental health effects of exposure. There is a promising test...

Wildfires have increased in frequency and area burned, trends expected to continue with climate change. Among other effects, fires release pollutants into the atmosphere, representing a risk to human health and downwind terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. While human health risks...

Invited Question and Answer article for Nature Cardiovascular Research on Particulate Matter.Recent air-quality alerts in major cities due to the wildfires in Canada, Hawaii and Greece have put fine particulate matter (PM) pollution and consequent health issues into the spotlight...

Wetland restoration and construction are important land management options for retaining nitrogen and phosphorus and thereby improving water quality at local scales (i.e., at nearby streams). However, limited information exists regarding the cumulative influence of wetlands outsi...

Agricultural best management practices/conservation practices (ag BMPs/ACPs) have been widely implemented for nonpoint source pollution control. However, through a Region 10 R2P2 project, we have identified two critical knowledge gaps that limit broader adoption of ACPs in the Pa...

Over the last 10 years the EPA has been conducting research to better quantify the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions from US reservoirs.   In 2021 reservoirs were included in the Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks for the first time and currently estimate...

To continue estimating hedonic property models, possibly expanding environmental justice analyses, and undertaking other analyses that use property characteristics, EPA is interested in acquiring national property transaction data as a replacement for Zillow’s ZTRAX data. Z...

Thoughtful science communication is essential for the success of collaborative, transdisciplinary environmental research. We present an innovative evaluation of a four-year pilot project that took a highly engaged and collaborative approach to managing excess nutrients in the Cap...

For decades, researchers have sought to document injustices, highlight activism, and identify pathways in moving toward environmental justice (EJ). EJ research regarding water has been predominantly focused on drinking water. This project sought to identify and analyze the breadt...

New approach methodologies (NAMs) are being evaluated for their utility to inform developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) hazard instead of using animals. This work compares predictive models for DNT using DNT NAMs data. The dataset comprised 200 chemicals screened in 17 DNT assays wit...

This is a public presentation on the potential effects of nutrients in smoke on downwind cyanobacteria blooms. Wildfire activity is increasing in the continental U.S. and can be linked to climate change effects, including rising temperatures and more frequent drought conditions. ...

The relationship between environmental chemical exposure and a spectrum of neurological diseases is well-established. However, unraveling the underlying mechanism between human exposure and toxic outcomes presents significant challenges. Evaluation of neurotoxicity potential usin...

The meeting aims to 1) discuss progress towards updating the Initial Recommendations to an OECD guidance, 2) discuss the regulatory implementation of the current DNT-IVB and strategy to include/exclude additional assays, and 3) discuss complementary aspects of the guidance that a...

Neurite outgrowth is an important precursor to synapse formation and assays for neurite outgrowth are part of an in vitro battery (IVB) of assays for developmental neurotoxicity screening (DNT). This battery of assays evaluates chemical effects on key neurodevelopmental processes...

Background and Purpose: Current in vitro toxicology methods typically rely on exposure of cells to compounds that were added to the culture media. For neurotoxicity, in vitro exposure of rat cortical neural networks plated on multi-well microelectrode array plates (MEAs) have bee...

EPA has conducted prior decontamination research for traditional CWAs, but there is a scientific data gap for decontamination technologies capable of remediating sensitive equipment contaminated with a Fourth Generation Agent (FGA). The purpose of this project was to evaluate the...

Background: In vitro new approach methods (NAMs) have been developed for evaluating developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) potential. One such DNT NAM, the Network Formation Assay (NFA), uses a twelve-day exposure model to measure neuronal network activity changes in primary rat corti...

A probability-based sampling design can be used to create statistically defensible sampling plans. However, these plans may have sampling collection and/or processing demands that exceed allotted resources. Targeted sampling designs, also referred to as judgmental sampling, use p...