You are here:
REMOVAL OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM BY IN-LINE FILTRATION: EFFECTS OF COAGULANT TYPE, FILTER LOADING RATE AND TEMPERATURE
Citation:
Dugan*, N R. AND D J. Williams*. REMOVAL OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM BY IN-LINE FILTRATION: EFFECTS OF COAGULANT TYPE, FILTER LOADING RATE AND TEMPERATURE. R. Gimbel, J.K. Edgwald, Y. Watanabe (ed.), JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY - AQUA. IWA Publishing, London, Uk, 53(1):1-15, (2004).
Impact/Purpose:
to present information
Description:
Eight pilot-scale runs were performed to evaluate the impacts of temperature, coagulant type and filter loading rates on the removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts through in-line filtration. The study was set up as a 2(3) factorial design, which allowed investigation of all possible combinations of high and low settings for each of three factors. The coagulant was either aluminum sulfate or ferric chloride, the filter loading rate was either 5 or 10 m/hr and temperature was controled at 4.5 or 20C. Depending on the operating conditions, observed average Cryptosporidium removals ranged from 1.0 to >4.2 log(10). In most cases, better Cryptosporidium control at high loading rates and low temperatures was observed when ferric chloride was used as the coagulant. Log reductions of turbidity, particles and spores were also examined. Turbidity was always the most conservative indicator of Cryptosporidium removal.
URLs/Downloads:
REMOVAL OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM BY IN-LINE FILTRATION: EFFECTS OF COAGULANT TYPE, FILTER LOADING RATE AND TEMPERATURE