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MUTAGENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER WATERS FLOWING THROUGH LARGE METROPOLITAN AREAS IN NORTH AMERICA
Citation:
Ohe, T., P. A. White, AND D M. DeMarini. MUTAGENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER WATERS FLOWING THROUGH LARGE METROPOLITAN AREAS IN NORTH AMERICA. MUTATION RESEARCH 534(1-2):101-112, (2002).
Description:
Mutagenic characteristics of river waters flowing through large metropolitan areas in North America
The hanging technique using blue rayon, which specifically adsorbs mutagens with multicyclic planar structures, has the advantages over most conventional methods of not having to bring large volumes of water back to the laboratory for extraction of organic materials. Therefore, for the same effort the hanging blue rayon technique allows the analysis of more samples from remote sites, although it has a disadvantage of not allowing quantitative analysis. In this study, the blue rayon hanging technique was used to collect organic mutagens in river waters that flow through metropolitan areas in northeastern North America. Monitoring was performed at a total of 21 sites: the Providence River system (4 sites), the Charles River (2 sites), the Potomac River (6 sites), the St Lawrence River (5 sites), the Hudson River (3 sites), and the East River (1 site). Mutagenicity was evaluated using the Salmonella assay with strains TA98, TA 100, YG 1024, YG 1041 and YG 1042 with and without metabolic activation. The results demonstrated that strains YG 1041 and YG 1024 were much more sensitive than TA98 with S9 mix. Fifteen samples out of 21 were positive in YG 1041 with S9 mix. Six samples gave 5,000 - 18,400 revertants per gram of blue rayon equivalent. YG 1042 was also much more sensitive than TA 100. Eight samples were positive in YG1042 with S9 mix. The highest activity was 10,200 revertants per gram of blue rayon equivalent. The overall results showed that rivers flowing through major cities in North America contain frameshift-type, aromatic amine-like mutagenic activity. However, the levels of mutagenic activity in these rivers were much lower than expected based on prior analyses and calculated population-to-discharge ratios. Further research, such as detailed chemical analyses and/or simultaneous comparisons of several different adsorbents (e.g., XAD and blue rayon), will be needed to clarify the observed differences between North American blue rayon values and published values for European and Asian river systems.