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THE ANTIMUTAGENIC EFFECT OF VANILLIN AND CINNAMALDEHYDE ON SPONTANEOUS MUTATION IN SALMONELLA TA104 IS DUE TO A REDUCTION IN MUTATIONS AT GC BUT NOT AT SITES
Citation:
Shaughnessy, D. T., R W. Setzer, AND D M. DeMarini. THE ANTIMUTAGENIC EFFECT OF VANILLIN AND CINNAMALDEHYDE ON SPONTANEOUS MUTATION IN SALMONELLA TA104 IS DUE TO A REDUCTION IN MUTATIONS AT GC BUT NOT AT SITES. MUTATION RESEARCH 480-481(1-2):55-69, (2001).
Description:
Abstract
Vanillin (VAN) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN) are dietary antimutagens that, when added to assay plates, reduced the spontaneous mutant frequency in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA104 (hisG428, rfa, uvrB, pKM101) by 50%. To date, no study has demonstrated whether or not the antimutagenic effects of an agent are due to a reduction in all classes of mutations or to a reduction in selective classes of mutations. To explore this issue, we have determined the spontaneous mutation spectrum in TA104 as well as the mutation spectrum after treatment of cells with antimutagens at concentrations that produced approximately a 50% reduction in mutant frequency but only a 10% reduction in survival. Statistical analysis of mutation spectra revealed no significant difference between the effects VAN and CIN treatment on spontaneous mutation within the classes of base substitutions recoverable in TA104. Antimutagenesis experiments in hisG428 strains of Salmonella with varying DNA repair backgrounds showed that VAN and CIN require SOS repair genes to produce an antimutagenic effect against spontaneous mutagenesis. Studies evaluating the effect of VAN and CIN on growth rate showed that neither compound suppressed growth relative to untreated cells. Although CIN and VAN reduced spontaneous mutation at both GC and AT sites, the ability of CIN to reduce mutations primarily at GC sites rather than AT sites approached significance, warranting further studies of the potential of CIN to reduce mutations preferentially at GC sites. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine if an antimutagen reduced all or just some classes of mutations that were available for reduction.