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GREENOUSE GASES FROM SMALL-SCALE COMBUSTION DEVICES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, PHASE IIA. HOUSEHOLD STOVES IN INDIA
Citation:
Smith, K. R., R. Uma, V. Kishore, K. Lata, V. Joshi, J. Zhang, R. A. Rasmussen, AND M. Khalil. GREENOUSE GASES FROM SMALL-SCALE COMBUSTION DEVICES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, PHASE IIA. HOUSEHOLD STOVES IN INDIA. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-00/052 (NTIS PB2000-107719), 2000.
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Description:
The report contains a systematic set of measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide, methane, total non-methane organic compounds, nitrous oxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and total suspended particulate emissions from the commonest combustion devices in the world, household stoves in developing countries. A number of different stoves using 8 biomass fuels, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, and biogas were examined--a total of 28 fuel/stove combinations. Since stove and fuel parameters were monitored as well, the measurements also allow examination of the trade-off of emissions per unit fuel mass, fuel energy, and delivered energy as well as construction of complete carbon balances. Confirming preliminary results in a Manila pilot study, the measurements show that solid biomass fuels are typically burned with a substantial production of products of incomplete combustion (PICs). In addition, biomass stoves usually have substantially lower thermal efficiencies that those using liquid and gaseous fuels. As a result, the emissions of CO2 and PICs per unit of delivered energy are considerably greater in the biomass stoves. In general, the ranking follows what has been called the "energy ladder" from lower to higher quality fuels; i.e., emissions decrease and efficiencies increase in the order: dung, crop residues, wood, kerosene, and gas.