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THE MUTAGENICITY OF METALLIZED AND UNMETALLIZED AZO AND FORMAZAN DYES IN THE SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY ASSAY
Citation:
Edwards, L. C., H. S. Freeman, AND L D. Claxton. THE MUTAGENICITY OF METALLIZED AND UNMETALLIZED AZO AND FORMAZAN DYES IN THE SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY ASSAY. Presented at Environmental Mutagen Society, Miami, Florida, 05/10-14/03.
Description:
The mutagenicity of metallized and unmetallized azo and formazan dyes in the Salmonella mutagenicity
Laura. C. Edwards', Harold S. Freeman'*, and Larry D. Claxton2
Abstract
In previous papers, the synthesis and chemical properties of iron complexed azo and formazan dyes were reported. It was shown that in certain cases iron could be substituted for the traditionally used metals, chromium and cobalt, without having an adverse effect on dye stability. While these results suggested that the iron analogs were potential replacements for the commercially used chromium and cobalt prototypes, characterization of the mutagenic properties of the new dyes was deemed an essential step in their further development. With this in mind, the present paper provides results from using the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay to determine the mutagenicity of some important commercial metal complexed dyes, their unmetallized forms, and the corresponding iron-complexed analogs. The results of this study suggest that the mutagenicity of the unmetallized dye precursors plays a role in determining the mutagenicity of the iron-complexes and that iron complex formation normally does not have an adverse effect on mutagenicity. For the monoazo dye containing a nitro group, metal complex formation using iron or chromium decreased or removed mutagenicity in TA100, while little reduction in mutagenicity was noted in TA98. For the formazan dye containing a nitro group, metal complex formation using iron increased mutagenicity. Results varied for metal complex formation of azo and formazan dyes without nitro groups but, in general, the metal complexed dyes based on mutagenic ligands were also mutagenic, while those dyes based on nonmutagenic ligands were also nonmutagenic. This abstract does not necessarily represent the views of the USEPA