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PULMONARY TOXICOLOGY OF SYNTHETIC AIR POLLUTION PARTICLES CONTAINING METAL SULFATES COMPARED TO CARBON BLACK AND DIESEL
Citation:
Daniels, M. J., A. Ranade, AND M I. Gilmour. PULMONARY TOXICOLOGY OF SYNTHETIC AIR POLLUTION PARTICLES CONTAINING METAL SULFATES COMPARED TO CARBON BLACK AND DIESEL. Presented at SOT, San Francisco, CA, March 25-29, 2001.
Description:
PULMONARY TOXICITY OF SYNTHETIC AIR POLLUTION PARTICLES CONTAINING METAL SULFATES COMPARED TO CARBON BLACK AND DIESEL.
M Daniels, A Ranade* & MJ Selgrade & MI Gilmour.
Experimental Toxicology Division, ORD/NHEERL, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC. * Particle Technology, College Park, MD.
Numerous studies have found associations between levels of particulate air pollution (PM) and hospital admissions for cardio-pulmonary disease. Because ambient PM samples are difficult to obtain and chemically variable over time and locales, we sought to generate synthetic air pollution particles which had similar chemical characteristics to urban PM samples, and to test how inclusion of metals affected overall particle toxicity. Particles were synthesized by wetting carbon black in a solution containing detergent and quantities of ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate and sulfates of Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, and chlorides of V(II) and V(V) to achieve a final concentration of approximately 55% carbon, 15% ammonium chloride, 30% sodium sulfate and 5% metal salt. The solution was nebulized, passed through a heated coil, and the resultant dry particles were collected in a teflon bag. Particles were suspended in saline, briefly sonicated and 20 or 100 mg were instilled via the trachea into C57/Bl6 mice. Eighteen hours later, mice were euthanized and pulmonary inflammatory cells, biochemical markers of edema (protein) and lung injury (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1, MIP2, IL6, TNF-a) were assessed in lung fluid and compared to animals instilled with saline, carbon black or diesel exhaust particles (DEP). PMNs were moderately increased in animals instilled with the particles coated with Fe(II), Cu, V(II), and Ni, or the DEP. The biochemical parameters of lung injury were only increased in animals instilled with the Cu, Ni or DEP and the cytokine changes were limited to Cu, Fe (II) and DEP. The results suggest that the toxicity of these synthetic ambient air particles was quite low and that cellular influx into the lung was a more sensitive indicator of lung injury than cytokine levels or biochemical indices. (This abstract does not reflect EPA policy.)