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CHARACTERISTICS AND TOXICITY OF THE CHLORINATED DRINKING WATER DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCT 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2[5H]-FURANONE (MX) TO MEDAKA (ORYZIAS LATIPES)
Citation:
Geter, D. R., W. E. Hawkins, AND J W. Fournie. CHARACTERISTICS AND TOXICITY OF THE CHLORINATED DRINKING WATER DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCT 3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2[5H]-FURANONE (MX) TO MEDAKA (ORYZIAS LATIPES). Presented at 21st Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Nashville, TN, 12-16 November 2000.
Description:
The compound 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, also know as MX, is a by-product of wood pulp manufacture and a contaminant of chlorinated drinking and sewage water. MX has recently been shown to be a multi-site carcinogen in rodents. We investigated the acute toxicity of MX in a 96-hr LC50 static exposure using fry and adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Twenty- and ninety-day-old medaka were exposed to MX concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L. Calculations using the moving average and binomial methods gave an approximate 96-hour LC50 of 30 and 58 mg/L for the fry and adult medaka, respectively. The MX in solution decreased an average of 22% in 96 hours across all test concentrations with a half-life of 200 hours. Concentrations of MX found in environmental and drinking waters (normally in the lower parts per trillion) are far below that found to be toxic to medaka in this study. Nevertheless, these data help establish exposure conditions that will allow us to investigate mechanisms of MX effects on fish, expecially studies designed to determine the carcinogenicity of MX.