Description:
Fine particles (PM2.5) and associated semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC) contain a very complex mixture of both organic and inorganic chemicals that may contribute to toxicity of the particles. The health effects of PM2.5 exposures in humans result from both acute and chronic exposures and include cardiopulmonary effects, cancer, and reproductive effects. Recent source apportionment-health studies support the hypothesis that combustion sources are a major source of PM toxic chemical components. A further challenge is to distinguish and apportion exposure and health outcomes to specific combustion sources (e.g., diesel sources, gasoline mobile sources, fuel oil, forest fires, wood stove, agricultural burning, cooking, etc.). ORD's Research Strategy ranks investigation of causal mechanisms, particle characteristics, and characterization of ambient particle exposures among the highest research priorities. This task is focused on the potentially toxic organic components of organic matter, including organic source tracers. Measurements of the uptake, metabolism and excretion of biomarkers of source specific organic tracers has been a powerful tool in understanding the relationship between human exposure and health outcomes. One example of the success of such exposure biomarker research is the advancement in understanding population exposures to environmental tobacco smoke through the use of personal nicotine and urinary cotinine as exposure and biomarker measures. The development of biomarkers of exposure and dose to other combustion sources is an integral part of this research as is the identification of chemicals and biomarkers that would facilitate source apportionment of exposure. This task will focus on organic chemicals, but where possible, will include simultaneous examination of metals. Organic chemicals under investigation are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitro-PAH which are formed either in combustion sources or through atmospheric transformation. Other classes of organic chemicals include those that are potential source tracers (e.g., methoxylated phenols as wood combustion tracers, alkanes, hopanes, etc.) or are highly toxic, mutagenic, and/or carcinogenic (e.g., nitro-PAH lactones and quinones found in urban air). This project will interface with the following NERL Tasks: 1)Exposures to toxic components associated with PM (Causal Agents), 2) Research Methods for PM Toxic Compounds, and 3) PM Source Apportionment/Receptor Modeling of PM Toxic Compounds.
Keywords:
PARTICULATE MATTER, BIOMARKERS, TOXIC COMPONENTS, PERSONAL EXPOSURES, PARTICULATE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, Related Records:
BIOMAKERS OF EXPOSURE AND METABOLIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FINE PARTICLE AIR POLLUTIONRelationship Reason: BIOMAKERS OF EXPOSURE AND METABOLIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FINE PARTICLE AIR POLLUTION59658DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
EVALUATION OF URINARY PAH METABOLITES AS BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE TO PM2.5 FROM COMBUSTION SOURCESRelationship Reason: EVALUATION OF URINARY PAH METABOLITES AS BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE TO PM2.5 FROM COMBUSTION SOURCES59804DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON STUDIES FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN PARTICULATE MATTERRelationship Reason: INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON STUDIES FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN PARTICULATE MATTER60036DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
CHARACTERIZATION OF FINE PARTICLE ASSOCIATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON AND DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALSRelationship Reason: CHARACTERIZATION OF FINE PARTICLE ASSOCIATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON AND DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS61327DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
ATTRIBUTION OF PARTICLE EXPOSURE AND RISK TO COMBUSTION SOURCE EMISSIONS BASED ON PERSONAL PAH EXPOSURE AND URINARY METABOLITESRelationship Reason: ATTRIBUTION OF PARTICLE EXPOSURE AND RISK TO COMBUSTION SOURCE EMISSIONS BASED ON PERSONAL PAH EXPOSURE AND URINARY METABOLITES62025DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
DEVELOPMENT OF URINARY METABOLITE BIOMARKERS TO ASSESS POPULATION EXPOSURE TO PM2.5 FROM VARIOUS COMBUSTION SOURCESRelationship Reason: DEVELOPMENT OF URINARY METABOLITE BIOMARKERS TO ASSESS POPULATION EXPOSURE TO PM2.5 FROM VARIOUS COMBUSTION SOURCES62385DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF PM2.5 IN SEATTLE, WA URBAN IMPROVE SITE: COMPARISON OF THREE RECEPTOR MODELS AND SOURCE PROFILESRelationship Reason: SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF PM2.5 IN SEATTLE, WA URBAN IMPROVE SITE: COMPARISON OF THREE RECEPTOR MODELS AND SOURCE PROFILES62747DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
COMPARISON OF SAMPLING METHODS FOR SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC CARBON ASSOCIATED WITH PM 2.5Relationship Reason: COMPARISON OF SAMPLING METHODS FOR SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC CARBON ASSOCIATED WITH PM 2.564417DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF PM2.5 AT AN URBAN IMPROVE SITE IN SEATTLE, WARelationship Reason: SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF PM2.5 AT AN URBAN IMPROVE SITE IN SEATTLE, WA75493DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF INDOOR, OUTDOOR, AND PERSONAL PM2.5 IN SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, USING POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATIONRelationship Reason: SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF INDOOR, OUTDOOR, AND PERSONAL PM2.5 IN SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, USING POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION87412DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
(CZ)BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE TO PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION IN THE CZECH REPUBLICRelationship Reason: (CZ)BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE TO PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC75021DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
(PRAGUE)BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE TO PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION IN THE CZECH REPUBLICRelationship Reason: (PRAGUE)BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE TO PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC63925DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
ORGANIC CHARACTERIZATION OF AIRBORNE PARTICLES: INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON STUDIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS AND REFERENCE MATERIALSRelationship Reason: ORGANIC CHARACTERIZATION OF AIRBORNE PARTICLES: INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON STUDIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS AND REFERENCE MATERIALS62681DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
IMPROVING SOURCE PROFILES AND APPORTIONMENT OF COMBUSTION SOURCES USING THERMAL CARBON FRACTIONS IN MULTIVARIATE RECEPTOR MODELSRelationship Reason: IMPROVING SOURCE PROFILES AND APPORTIONMENT OF COMBUSTION SOURCES USING THERMAL CARBON FRACTIONS IN MULTIVARIATE RECEPTOR MODELS62307DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
CHARACTERIZING THE SOURCES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO MUTAGENIC AND CARCINOGENIC CHEMICALS IN AIRBORNE FINE PARTICLESRelationship Reason: CHARACTERIZING THE SOURCES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO MUTAGENIC AND CARCINOGENIC CHEMICALS IN AIRBORNE FINE PARTICLES61432DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF PM 2.5 AND CARBON IN SEATTLE USING CHEMICAL MASS BALANCE AND POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATIONRelationship Reason: SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF PM 2.5 AND CARBON IN SEATTLE USING CHEMICAL MASS BALANCE AND POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION60188DOCUMENT1.0A PRODUCT OF THE PROJECTREVIEWEDPUBLIC
Project Information:
Progress: SUMMARY OF PROGRESS BY TOPIC (FY indicated under each heading)
Sampling Organic Particulate Carbon and Semivolatile Organic Carbon (SVOC) (FY00-02)
This project directly compared two PM2.5 sampling systems that are used for sampling particulate and semivolatile organics (SVOC). The results have been published (Lewtas et al., 2001) and the IOGAPS sampler was found to be most useful for collecting SVOC and Teflon filters for organic species adsorbed to particles. The continuation of any sampling methodology studies has been moved to Task #12187 PM: Research Methods for PM Toxic Compounds - Particle Methods Evaluation and Development.
Organic Speciation Working Group and Interlaboratory Trials of Speciated Organic Compounds Associated with Urban Particulate Matter (FY00-current)
The identification and quantification of toxic and source tracer organic species has progressed from the development of a PM2.5 Organic Speciation Working Group in FY 00 through the completion of two interlaboratory trials. The working group and associated EPA and NIST scientists have reccomended target organic analytes, quantification standards and labeled standards that are needed to improve quantification for each class of target analytes. The support for this program to improve the analytical methods and standards for organic speciation and quantification has moved to Task #12187 PM: Research Methods for PM Toxic Compounds - Particle Methods Evaluation and Development. This research is supported by the NIST cooperative agreement. The results of these trials have been published in draft reports for the participants and EPA's use. A publication for peer review publication is in preparation.
Source Apportionment of Ambient PM2.5 using Organic & Elemental Carbon Fractions/Species (FY01-current)
A three year set of IMPROVE data from the Beacon Hill site in Seattle, WA were used to conduct a comparative evaluation of three source apportionment methods: Chemical Mass Balance (CMB), Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and UNMIX. We also examined the use of thermal carbon fractions in the multivariant receptor models to improve the apportionment of various compustion sources. This resulted in the separation of diesel from gasoline mobile source emissions and suggests that further use of specific organic tracers and multivariant receptor methods could be used to apportion the contribution of more combustion sources. This study has been described in detail in a manuscript submitted to Environmental Science and Technology and and is currently in review.
Development and Evaluation of Biomarkers of Exposures to Combustion Sources Emissions and Toxic Organic Species associated with PM2.5 (FY00-current)
Personal exposure PAH profiles have been developed from particulate PAH exposure concentrations from fine particle personal exposure studies we have conducted in the US, Japan, and CZ. A publication is in preparation that demonstrating that benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP) can be used as a source tracer for gasoline engine exhaust, a source found only in outdoor air. Analysis has been completed on a fine particle and PAH personal exposure and biomarker study evaluating a series of biomarkers including urinary PAH, metals in blood, DNA adducts in blood and other genotoxicity and cytogenetic biomarkers, and susceptibility biomarkers (metabolic genotype). This approach is being extended to other personal exposure and urinary metabolite data from the Seattle PM2.5 studies. In addition to personal exposure to PAH, the UW is analyzing personal exposure to organic tracers of vegetative burning (methoxyphenols and levoglucosan) and related urinary metabolites. The evaluation of specific urinary biomarkers as combustion source tracers for human exposure to PM2.5 sources and the application of a multivariant source apportionment factor analysis method (eg, PMF) has initially showed some promise. asured in ur
Relevance: Development of methods to facilitate human exposure studies to toxic agents of PM will provide information to meet GPRA goal #1, Objective 1. The work directly responds to the NRC Research Topic 2: Exposures of susceptible Subpopulations to Toxic Particulate-Matter Components -- What are the exposures to biologically important constituents and specific characteristics of PM that cause response to potentially susceptible subpopulations and the general population? (NRC, 1998)
Clients: EPA/ORD/NHEERL, EPA/NCEA (Criteria Document Review), EPA/OAR, Scientific Community
Project IDs:
ID Code: 7790
Project type: OMIS