Science Inventory

DETROIT EXPOSURE AND AEROSOL RESEARCH STUDY (DEARS)

Impact/Purpose:

Six objectives have been defined for this study.

(1) To determine the associations between concentrations measured at central site monitors and outdoor residential, indoor residential and personal exposures for selected air toxics, PM constituents, and PM from specific sources.

(2) To describe the physical and chemical factors that affect the relationship between central site monitors and outdoor residential and indoor residential concentrations, including those that affect ambient source impacts.

(3) To identify the human activity factors that influence personal exposures to selected PM constituents and air toxics.

(4) To improve and evaluate models used to characterize and estimate residential concentrations of and human exposures to selected air toxics, PM constituents, and PM from specific sources.

(5) To investigate and apply source apportionment models to evaluate the relationships for PM from specific sources and to determine the contribution of specific ambient sources to residential concentrations and personal exposures to PM constituents and air toxics.

(6) To determine the associations between ambient concentrations of criteria gases (O3, NO2, and SO2) and personal exposures for these gases as well as personal exposures to air toxics, PM constituents, and PM from specific sources.

Description:

The Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS) is a residential and personal exposure field monitoring study that is being conducted in Detroit MI over a three-year period from 2004 to 2007. The primary goal of the study is to evaluate and describe the relationship between air toxics, particulate matter (PM), PM constituents, and PM from specific sources measured at a central site monitor and measurements of residential and personal concentrations. An emphasis is placed on understanding the impact of local sources (point and mobile) on outdoor residential concentrations and the impact of housing type and house operation on indoor concentrations. Personal monitoring will be conducted to determine the impact of time spent in nonresidential locations and personal activities on exposure. Monitoring will be conducted at 120 homes for five consecutive days in a summer and winter season. Measurements of air toxics, PM mass, and PM constituents will be made indoors and outdoors at each home and from one participant in each home. The data will be used by epidemiologists, who are interested in using central site monitoring data to quantify health risks to PM and air toxics. The Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards will also use these data to develop standards which are protective of human health for PM, PM components, and air toxics.

Record Details:

Record Type:PROJECT

Start Date:10/01/2000

Projected Completion Date:09/01/2009

OMB Category:Other

Record ID: 56188

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Keywords:

PARTICULATE MATTER, TOXIC COMPONENTS, AMBIENT, PERSONAL EXPOSURES,

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Project Information:

Progress :A study design was prepared, peer reviewed, and revised. The approved study design was completed in October 2003 with an updated statistical analysis section completed in May 2004. The Statement of Work for Task Order #17 on the technical support contract was developed to reflect the current study design and additional work assignments through multiple contractors were established to support laboratory analyses and ancillary field data collections. The first Federal Register notice for the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Information Collection Request (ICR) was published in October 2003 and the second notice was completed in December 2003. OMB approval of the study was received in April 2004. Recruitment materials (brochures, video, telephone scripts) were prepared and formal IRB and human subjects approval were completed in May 2004. The field safety protocol and an interim Quality Assurance Project Plan were developed and approved. A semi-volatile organics laboratory has been set up that will generate the analytical data on the organic fraction of the aerosol, which is a critical component for the proposed source apportionment of the measured ambient aerosols. Participant recruitment began following a community action kick-off meeeting in June 2004. Field data collections began in July 2004 and the initial summer 2004 season sampling was completed in August. Data recovery from the first season has begun as well as planning for initiation of the second monitoring season (winter 2005). Coordination of the DEARS with Canadian, NERL, NHEERL, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, University of Michigan and external organizations (e.g., EPRI) is continuing. This coordination/collaboration effort will permit data collected from the DEARS to be leveraged to the greatest extent possible across multiple research questions. Work in the new HEASD Task on Organic Aerosol Sampling and Methods Research is linked to work on DEARS. Work being performed under Task 15099, Receptor Model Development and Application is also link to DEARS.

Relevance :DEARS will provide critical information to OAQPS for evaluating and developing standards for PM and air toxics. It will also inform EPA and the scientific community on approaches that can be used to evaluate health effects associated with PM constituents and PM from various sources. DEARS will determine if ambient monitoring data can be used as a surrogate of exposure in epidemiolgical studies. Where this is not the case, DEARS will develop the data to model exposure based on ambient measurements and information on sources, meteorology, housing stock and activities. Source apportionment techniques will be used for the first time to develop data on which PM sources are responsible for exposure. This latter information will provide valuable information, not only to health studies, but can help direct the most effective approach for mitigating those exposures that are responsible for adverse health outcomes. Data from the DEARS is an integral component of the NHEERL's Detroit Children's Health Study as well as an important potential database relevant to supporting other health based studies (like the proposed Univ. of Michgian/EPRI cardivascular health study).

Clients :EPA/ORD/NHEERL (Lucas Neas, Bob Devlin), EPA/NCEA (for criteria document, William Wilson), EPA/OAR (John Bachman,Ted Palma) EPA/OTAQ (Chad Bailey, Rich Bauldauf), NRC, OAQPS (Harvey Richmond, Mary Ross)

Project IDs:

ID Code :6387

Project type :OMIS