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INVENTORY OF CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN THE U.S.
Citation:
Brown, D. AND S. Reed. INVENTORY OF CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN THE U.S. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/D-91/087 (NTIS PB91191247).
Description:
The U.S. EPA's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory is conducting an inventory f constructed wetlands (CW) for municipal wastewater treatment in the U.S. he inventory is one part of an effort to gather better data on which to base CW design. he inventory is being conducted in two phases; this paper presents data from the first phase. otal of 143 communities were identified as either considering or using CW. f this total, 31 operating free water surface (FWS) and 26 operating subsurface flow (SF) systems were found. ystems range in size from 200 to 76,000 m1/d (0.05 to 20 mgd) for FWS and from 5 to 11,400 m1/d (0.001 to 3.0 mgd) for SF. Design approaches and performance goals vary widely; as a result hydraulic loading rates and costs vary widely. imited flow data show hydraulic surface area loading rates range from 4 to 530 L/m1/d (230 to 1.8 ac/mgd) for FWS systems and from 30 to 410 L/m1/d (31 to 2.3 c/mgd) for SF systems. imited cost data show construction costs range from $16 to $770 per m1/d ($0.06 to $2.90 per gpd) for FWS systems and from $60 to $790 per m1/d ($0.23 to $3.00 per gpd) for SF systems. ecause of the limited data, all of these figures should be viewed with caution.