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WEAK-ACID ION EXCHANGE FOR REMOVING BARIUM, RADIUM, AND HARDNESS
Citation:
Snyder, D., V. Snoeyink, AND J. Pfeffer. WEAK-ACID ION EXCHANGE FOR REMOVING BARIUM, RADIUM, AND HARDNESS. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/J-86/204 (NTIS PB87170452), 1986.
Description:
Weak-acid resin in the hydrogen form was found to effectively remove barium, radium, and hardness, without increasing the sodium content of the product water. The maximum capacity of the weak-acid resin was about 2.3 times that of strong-acid resin, and much less spent regenerant per unit volume of water treated was produced from a weak-acid column than from a strong-acid column. There are, however, some disadvantages to weak-acid ion exchange: swelling of the resin during exhaustion; the need to use acid-resistant materials; the inability to remove noncarbonate hardness; the necessity of stripping carbon dioxide from the product water and adjusting the pH; and the probable higher cost.