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FEASIBILITY OF ULTRASONIC AND OTHER METHODS FOR DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF CONDENSER BIOFOULING
Citation:
Reeves, C., W. Seames, AND S. Winton. FEASIBILITY OF ULTRASONIC AND OTHER METHODS FOR DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF CONDENSER BIOFOULING. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/7-84/062 (NTIS PB84207067), 1984.
Description:
The report gives results of a literature review and laboratory studies of the potential of ultrasonic and other methods for in-situ measurement of biofouling on heat transfer surfaces (e.g., tubes) of electric utility steam condensers. Detection of the presence of biofouling in steam condensers is important for maintaining maximum heat transfer efficiency and minimizing the addition of chlorine (used to control biofouling) to meet discharge regulations. Literature relating to current industrial practices and research underway was searched to develop indirect and in-situ methods of biofouling measurement. Most methods are not sensitive enough to detect biofouling in its early stages, when it is easiest to control. A preliminary assessment indicated that this shortcoming might be avoided, using ultrasonics. An evaluation of the sensitivity of ultrasonic methods for this application confirmed the possible feasibility of this approach, but a number of questions were raised because of the lack of testing with the specific equipment needed, as well as the lack of acoustic property data on biofouling.