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CRYPTOSPORIDIUM: THE MILWAUKEE EXPERIENCE AND RELEVANT RESEARCH
Citation:
Fox, K. AND D. Lytle. CRYPTOSPORIDIUM: THE MILWAUKEE EXPERIENCE AND RELEVANT RESEARCH. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/A-95/028 (NTIS PB95174702), 1994.
Description:
The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) was mandated on June 29, 1989 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). his Rule requires all water utilities that use surface waters for their source water for drinking water to filter the water before sending it out into the distribution system. iltration is required to both remove pathogenic microorganisms that might be present and to remove particulates that could interfere with disinfection. he rule lists the approved filtration techniques that have been demonstrated in the past to be efficient (conventional coagulation/filtration, direct filtration, slow sand filtration and diatomaceous earth filtration). llowances in the SWTR are made for alternative techniques such as membrane filtration and cartridge filtration. he alternate technologies must demonstrate that they are capable of removing 99 percent of particles in the 5-15 pm range and meet a 0.5 NTU turbidity limit. he stringent requirements of the SWTR are to provide a primary barrier (filtration) and a secondary barrier (disinfection) to protect the public from pathogenic surface water source. ecent events have reinforced the need to maintain and operate filtration systems properly for treating drinking water.
