Citation:

Puterski, R. GIS TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM 3: GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/R-92/036 (NTIS PB92168358), 1992.

Description:

Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are a location determination technology that offers significance opportunities for obtaining highly accurate locational data at low costs. n order for the technology to perform up to its capabilities in Agency applications, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) staff will need o develop a greater understanding of the technology itself, coordinate systems, surveying, and basic geodesy. PA has been collecting expertise in the use of this technology over the last 3 years via pilot use of GPS systems to enhance locational control in Agency projects. n order to operationalize the use of this technology within EPA, there also exists a need to develop concise standard operational procedures and methodologies for its use. This document is a beginning toward fulfillment of these needs. t is intended to be an introductory reference that describes the technology and how it could be employed in EPA work. t provides an overview of survey methods from initial planning to data reduction and postprocessing. ncillary but important issues such as reference datums and use with geographic information systems are covered in order to provide the reader additional context regarding the use of this spatial information in a project environment. ase studies performed by the Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Las Vegas, are also included in this document as auxiliary background that may provide helpful techniques.

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