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DISINFECTION EFFICIENCY AND RESIDUAL TOXICITY OF SEVERAL WASTEWATER DISINFECTANTS. VOLUME I. GRANDVILLE, MICHIGAN
Citation:
Ward, R., R. Giffin, G. DeGraeve, AND R. Stone. DISINFECTION EFFICIENCY AND RESIDUAL TOXICITY OF SEVERAL WASTEWATER DISINFECTANTS. VOLUME I. GRANDVILLE, MICHIGAN. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/2-76/156 (NTIS PB262245), 1976.
Description:
This study was conducted to determine the comparative effectiveness of chlorine, bromine chloride, and ozone as wastewater disinfectants, and to determine any residual toxicity associated with wastewater disinfection with these agents or with chlorinated wastewater which had been dechlorinated with sulfur dioxide. Streams of nondisinfected and chlorinated wastewater were pumped from the Grandville, Michigan, Wastewater Treatment Plant to the project laboratory. Part of the chlorinated wastewater stream was delivered directly to the toxicity laboratory for bioassay studies while the remainder of the chlorinated stream was dechlorinated with sulfur dioxide prior to its use in bioassay tests. Total and fecal coliform densities, suspended solids, volatile solids, COD, ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, turbidity, color, and pH were measured in the wastewater streams. Each of the five wastewater streams was used in acute toxicity tests with several species of fishes and the freshwater macroinvertebrate Daphnia magna, and in a life cycle toxicity study with the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, as the test subject.