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PARTICLE TOTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY (PTEAM): RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA PILOT STUDY - VOLUME I
Citation:
Pellizzari, E., K.W. Thomas, C. Clayton, R. Whitmore, R. Shores, H. Zelon, AND R. Perritt. PARTICLE TOTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY (PTEAM): RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA PILOT STUDY - VOLUME I. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/R-93/050 (NTIS PB93166957), 1992.
Description:
The goal of this study was to estimate the frequency distribution of exposure of an urban population to inhalable particles (less than 10 micrometers in diameter). Probability sampling design was used to select 178 nonsmoking residents aged 10 or above in Riverside, CA. Each person was monitored for two consecutive 12-h periods during the fall of 1990. Concurrent samples were collected in the home and immediately outside the home. The indoor-outdoor samples included both inhalable particles (10u) and the fine fraction 2.5u). Central site operated for all 48 days of the study, collecting 96 12-hour samples using reference samplers (dichotomous and hi-vol) side by side with the personal and indoor-outdoor monitors. The findings include 1) precision of the personal and indoor samplers was excellent, 2) agreement of the samplers with the reference samplers was acceptable (10-20%); 3) personal exposure in the daytime exceeded both indoor and outdoor concentration by 50%; 4) personal exposure overnight was comparable to outdoor and slightly higher than indoor concentrations; 5) 14 of the 15 prevalent elements were also elevated by about 50% in the daytime personal samples; 6) persons carrying out household cleaning activities or exposed to environmental tobacco smoke had significantly higher exposures; 7) persons going to work had significantly lower exposures.
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PARTICLE TOTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY (PTEAM): RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA PILOT STUDY - VOLUME I