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HUMAN EXPOSURE AND DOSIMETRY OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN URINE FROM XUAN WEI, CHINA WITH HIGH LUNG CANCER MORTALITY ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO UNVENTED COAL SMOKE
Citation:
Mumford, J., X. Li, F. Hu, X. Lu, AND J. Chuang. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND DOSIMETRY OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN URINE FROM XUAN WEI, CHINA WITH HIGH LUNG CANCER MORTALITY ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO UNVENTED COAL SMOKE. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/J-96/049, 1995.
Description:
Lung cancer mortality rate in Xuan Wei (XW) county, China is 5 times the China national average; women's rate is China's highest. W residents have been exposed to unvented coal or wood smoke during cooling or heating in homes. his study investigated indoor air exposure and dosimetry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in XW residents using smoky coal. ndoor air particles collected during cooking in four XW homes using smoky coal were analyzed for PAH by GC/MS. rine samples from 16 XW nonsmoking women, and 6 XW smoking men, 8 Kunming nonsmoking controls, and 4 nonsmoking Chinese American controls were analyzed for PAH and hydro@PAH by GC/MS. he results showed that XW residents were exposed to PAH (Benzo[a]pyrene or BaP concentration at 14.6 +/- 3.5 ug/m3) at occupational levels, including thepotent carcinogen, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (4.9 +/- 1.3 tig/rn). he levels of urinary hydroxy PAH in XW women were higher than levels reported for coke plant workers. rinary hydroxy PAH levels were higher than the parent compound levels in most subjects, indicating that most PAH were metabolized. he mean levels of 9-hydroxy BaP and BaP are 1.5 +/- 0.5,umole/mole creatinine and 0.5 +/- 0.3 um/m for XW men, 1.9 +/- 0.9 um/m and 0.5+/-0.3 um/m for XW women. he mean values of the six PAH metabolites analyzed in urine were all higher in the XW women than in the Kunming and Chinese American controls. ue to the small sample size in the study, only the concentrations of 9-hydroxy BaP in XW women showed statistically significant difference from the Kunming controls (p<0.05 by ranking test). he mean levels of 3 methylated PAH analyzed were 4.8 fold higher than that of parent PAH in XW subjects. his is consistent with previous findings that alkylated PAH are the major mutagens in the XW indoor air and may be etiologically important in XW lung cancer.