You are here:
LIMESTONE BED CONTACTORS FOR CONTROL OF CORROSION AT SMALL WATER UTILITIES
Citation:
Letterman, R., C. Driscoll, M. Haddad, AND H. Hsu. LIMESTONE BED CONTACTORS FOR CONTROL OF CORROSION AT SMALL WATER UTILITIES. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/2-86/099 (NTIS PB87112058), 1986.
Description:
Corrosion control by use of limestone contactors was evaluated both in the laboratory and at a field installation. As water is transported through a packed bed of limestone, calcium carbonate dissolves and the pH, calcium ion concentration, and alkalinity increase. A mathematical model was derived for use in contactor design. The model is based on interfacial transport of calcium ion and relates the depth of limestone required in the contactor to the desired effluent water chemistry, influent water chemistry, limestone particle size and shape, limestone bed porosity, water temperature, and superficial velocity. The model was calibrated and tested using laboratory column experiments. In a contactor monitored for 2.5 years at a field installation, the water quality following treatment was essentially constant.