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FULL-SCALE DEMONSTRATION OF NITROGEN REMOVAL BY BREAKPOINT CHLORINATION
Citation:
Stone, R. FULL-SCALE DEMONSTRATION OF NITROGEN REMOVAL BY BREAKPOINT CHLORINATION. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/2-78/029.
Description:
A large-scale breakpoint chlorination system was constructed and operated at Rancho Cordova, CA. Reliable operation was demonstrated and a number of observations regarding process chemistry and engineering were made, including (1) the chlorine to ammonia-N ratio required to reach breakpoint and to maintain a controllable free residual was 10:1; (2) nitrate production was not pH sensitive in the range 6.5 to 8.5; (3) the rate of reaction of ammonia oxidation varied with final pH, with fastest rates observed at pH 7.0. Slower rates were observed at lower and higher pH; (4) mixing intensity had no effect upon chemical requirements or effluent quality, but was important for smooth process control; (5) the amount of sodium hydroxide used for neutralization was identical to that predicted from stoichiometry; (6) the control system used here provided excellent control of the process chemistry.