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INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT POLLUTION STUDY FOR TOTAL RECYCLE OF WATER
Citation:
Hofstein, H. AND H. Kohlmann. INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT POLLUTION STUDY FOR TOTAL RECYCLE OF WATER. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/2-79/138.
Description:
The report gives results of an engineering study of five integrated U.S. steel plants to determine how each might ultimately achieve total recycle of water. The plants represent a broad cross section of plant-specific factors (e.g., size, age, location, and available space) that are present in U.S. steel plants. Conceptual engineering designs were prepared for each plant to advance from its present water discharge situation to achievement of the Clean Water Act's 1984 Best Available Technology limitations and finally to achieve total water recycle. Potential treatment technologies for meeting these goals were evaluated: the most promising were incorporated into the plant designs. Capital and operating costs and energy requirements were estimated, and problems associated with implementation of the designs were addressed. Problems include: the lack of steel plant experience with the technologies required, the high cost and energy requirements, the additional solid waste disposal problems, and the more difficult management requirements for sophisticated water systems. The report is intended as a reference for planning and implementing programs to meet the more stringent water quality requirements that steel plants may face in the future.