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IRRIGATING WITH MUNICIPAL EFFLUENT: A SOCIOECONOMIC STUDY OF COMMUNITY EXPERIENCES
Citation:
Christensen, L. IRRIGATING WITH MUNICIPAL EFFLUENT: A SOCIOECONOMIC STUDY OF COMMUNITY EXPERIENCES. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/2-82/009.
Description:
This report presents institutional and economic information and insights related to the development and operation of systems where municipal wastewater is applied to land for treatment. Site visits provided information on the history of the respective systems, especially how land treatment came into use. Land for wastewater treatment can be acquired and managed by a community in several ways--directly or leased to another party; thru contractual arrangements with individual landowners, or with a group, as in the case of a wastewater cooperative; or fee simple acquisition might be expected to be used more frequently by smaller communities and contracts and leases by larger communities. While concepts and guidelines provide general assistance, the particular mix of technical, economic, legal, regulatory, social, and political factors at each site had the most influence on methods used.