You are here:
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF THE DEEP SHAFT BIOLOGICAL REACTOR
Citation:
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF THE DEEP SHAFT BIOLOGICAL REACTOR. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/2-82/002.
Description:
The Deep Shaft biological treatment process is essentially a high-rate activated sludge process capable of operating at BOD5 loading ratios (F/M) between 0.5 and 2.0 kg BOD5/kg MLVSS. The hardware consists of a vertical subsurface reactor between 90 and 250 m (300 to 800 ft) deep, with hydraulic mean residence times on the order of 60 minutes. Depending on the operating mixed liquor volatile suspended solids concentration, the effluent from the reactor can be treated utilizing either the flotation or sedimentation process. Based on a cost and energy analysis, no definitive conclusions could be drawn relative to cost or energy savings that can be realized by use of the Deep Shaft process. For the plant capacities used in the cost analysis (1,892 to 37,850 cu m/d; 0.5 to 10.0 mgd), the installed capital cost estimates for the Deep Shaft process were equivalent (+ or - 25%) to the conventional air activated sludge process. Unit energy requirements (kwh/1000 cu m) were highest for the Deep Shaft process when treating domestic wastewater.